#1
Which of the following is not a branch of psychology?
Clinical psychology
Astrology
Cognitive psychology
Educational psychology
#2
In which phase of sleep do vivid dreams, often resembling a story, occur?
#3
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation and is often targeted in the treatment of depression?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
#4
What is the primary goal of behavior therapy?
Understanding unconscious motives
Changing maladaptive behaviors
Exploring the meaning of dreams
Enhancing self-actualization
#5
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
#6
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
#7
What is the primary focus of industrial-organizational psychology?
Child development
Workplace behavior
Clinical disorders
Animal behavior
#8
Which type of therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors?
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Gestalt therapy
#9
What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
The tendency to help others in emergencies
The increased likelihood of receiving help when more people are present
The diffusion of responsibility in a group, reducing the likelihood of helping
The tendency to conform to group norms
#10
What is the primary focus of forensic psychology?
Child development
Criminal behavior and legal issues
Educational psychology
Industrial-organizational psychology
#11
In classical conditioning, what is the process of gradually diminishing a conditioned response known as?
Extinction
Discrimination
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
#12
What is the concept of the 'self' in psychology, which involves the individual's beliefs, values, and sense of identity?
Superego
Ego
Self-esteem
Self-concept
#13
Who developed the hierarchy of needs, suggesting that human motivation is organized into a pyramid with basic needs at the bottom and higher-order needs at the top?
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
John Bowlby
#14
What is the main premise of the nature vs. nurture debate in psychology?
Genetic factors alone determine behavior
Environmental influences alone determine behavior
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to behavior
Behavior is determined by unconscious motives
#15
Which area of psychology focuses on the study of abnormal behavior and mental disorders?
Developmental psychology
Clinical psychology
Social psychology
Cognitive psychology
#16
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
#17
What is the main idea behind the social-cognitive theory of personality?
Personality is determined by genetics only
Personality is shaped by reinforcement and punishment
Personality is influenced by observing and imitating others
Personality is fixed and unchangeable
#18
Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait?
Albert Bandura
Howard Gardner
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
#19
What is the primary focus of positive psychology?
Treating mental disorders
Understanding abnormal behavior
Enhancing well-being and human strengths
Studying unconscious motives
#20
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning, emphasizing the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior?
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
Carl Rogers
#21
What is the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Development is driven by unconscious conflicts
Development occurs in stages, with each stage marked by a psychosocial crisis
Personality is shaped by cognitive processes
Personality is influenced by early childhood experiences
#22
What is the main focus of community psychology?
Individual therapy
Promoting individual well-being
Preventing mental illness and promoting social change
Studying individual cognitive processes
#23
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts in shaping behavior and personality?
Cognitive perspective
Humanistic perspective
Psychoanalytic perspective
Biological perspective
#24
Who is known for his research on classical conditioning using dogs and the concept of conditioned reflexes?
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#25
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in social psychology?
The tendency to conform to group norms
The discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors
The process of learning by observation and imitation