#1
Which of the following best describes positive reinforcement?
Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Adding a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
#2
Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#3
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
#4
In reinforcement, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need
A reinforcer that is learned through association with other reinforcers
A reinforcer that is consistently given for every occurrence of a behavior
A reinforcer that is given only occasionally for a behavior
#5
What is an example of positive punishment?
Adding a reward to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Adding an unpleasant consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Removing an unpleasant consequence to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a reward to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
#6
Which term refers to the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desirable consequence?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#7
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Giving a child a candy for good behavior
Taking away a chore for completing homework
Adding extra work for being late to class
Ignoring a tantrum to decrease its occurrence
#8
What is the term for the process of teaching a complex behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior?
Shaping
Chaining
Discrimination
Generalization
#9
Which of the following is an example of continuous reinforcement?
Giving a treat to a dog every time it performs a trick
Ignoring a child's tantrum until it stops
Praising a student only occasionally for good behavior
Allowing a child to play video games after completing chores
#10
What is the term for when a behavior decreases because it is followed by the removal of a stimulus?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#11
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Adding a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
#12
What is extinction in the context of reinforcement?
When a behavior decreases because it is no longer reinforced
When a behavior increases because it is reinforced intermittently
When a behavior is reinforced consistently
When a behavior is always punished
#13
Which reinforcement schedule results in the highest rate of response?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#14
What is the term for when a previously reinforced behavior decreases in frequency because it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#15
What is the term for when a behavior is likely to occur in the presence of a particular stimulus?
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#16
Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after an unpredictable number of responses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#17
Which reinforcement schedule results in a steady, high rate of response with minimal pauses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#18
In operant conditioning, what is punishment?
Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Adding a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
#19
Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#20
What is the term for when a previously reinforced behavior decreases in frequency because it is no longer followed by a reinforcer?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#21
What is the concept of shaping in reinforcement?
Gradually molding or training an organism to perform a specific behavior
Reinforcing a behavior only sometimes
Using punishment to decrease a behavior
Providing reinforcement immediately after a behavior occurs
#22
In the context of reinforcement, what is a conditioned reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need
A previously neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing through association with other reinforcers
A reinforcer that is consistently given for every occurrence of a behavior
A reinforcer that is given only occasionally for a behavior
#23
What is the term for when a previously extinguished behavior reappears after a period of time?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#24
What is the term for the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#25
In the context of reinforcement, what is a secondary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need
A previously neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing through association with other reinforcers
A reinforcer that is consistently given for every occurrence of a behavior
A reinforcer that is given only occasionally for a behavior