#1
Which of the following best describes positive reinforcement?
Adding a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationPositive reinforcement involves adding a stimulus to strengthen a behavior.
#2
Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed Ratio
ExplanationFixed Ratio reinforcement schedule reinforces after a set number of responses, promoting consistent behavior.
#3
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner is the psychologist associated with operant conditioning principles.
#4
In reinforcement, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need
ExplanationA primary reinforcer fulfills basic biological needs and is inherently rewarding.
#5
What is an example of positive punishment?
Adding an unpleasant consequence to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationPositive punishment involves adding an undesirable consequence to reduce a behavior.
#6
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Removing a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves removing a stimulus to strengthen a behavior.
#7
What is extinction in the context of reinforcement?
When a behavior decreases because it is no longer reinforced
ExplanationExtinction occurs when a behavior diminishes due to lack of reinforcement.
#8
Which reinforcement schedule results in the highest rate of response?
Variable Ratio
ExplanationVariable Ratio reinforcement schedule yields high response rates due to unpredictability in reinforcement timing.
#9
What is the term for when a previously reinforced behavior decreases in frequency because it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction is the decline of a behavior when reinforcement is withheld.
#10
What is the term for when a behavior is likely to occur in the presence of a particular stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationGeneralization is the tendency of a behavior to occur in the presence of similar stimuli.
#11
What is the concept of shaping in reinforcement?
Gradually molding or training an organism to perform a specific behavior
ExplanationShaping involves molding behavior through successive approximations towards a desired outcome.
#12
In the context of reinforcement, what is a conditioned reinforcer?
A previously neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing through association with other reinforcers
ExplanationA conditioned reinforcer gains reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers.
#13
What is the term for when a previously extinguished behavior reappears after a period of time?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of an extinguished behavior after a rest period.
#14
What is the term for the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a behavior after extinction following a rest period.
#15
In the context of reinforcement, what is a secondary reinforcer?
A previously neutral stimulus that becomes reinforcing through association with other reinforcers
ExplanationA secondary reinforcer gains reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers.