#1
What is the primary focus of classical conditioning?
Shaping behavior through reinforcement
Associating a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus
Strengthening behavior through consequences
Learning through observation
#2
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Taking away a child's toy for misbehaving
Giving a student a gold star for completing their homework
Adding extra chores for not cleaning up
Ignoring a dog's begging for food
#3
What is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?
A student studying hard to get good grades
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A child receiving a sticker for completing chores
A person exercising regularly to stay healthy
#4
What is an example of vicarious reinforcement?
A child receiving a toy for good behavior
A student getting praised for completing homework
A person observing someone else getting rewarded for a task
A dog being trained with treats for performing tricks
#5
What is an example of classical conditioning in advertising?
Using positive reinforcement to encourage brand loyalty
Pairing a product with attractive celebrities in commercials
Offering discounts for repeat purchases
Ignoring negative reviews of a product
#6
Who is known for the famous 'Little Albert' experiment in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#7
In operant conditioning, what is the process of weakening a behavior by removing something desirable or adding something unpleasant?
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
#8
Which of the following is an example of shaping in operant conditioning?
Giving a reward every time a desired behavior is performed
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior
Punishing a behavior to decrease its occurrence
Ignoring a behavior to make it go away
#9
What is the term used to describe the weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus?
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
#10
Who introduced the concept of 'social learning theory,' emphasizing the importance of observational learning and modeling?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
#11
What is a primary difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors, while operant conditioning focuses on involuntary behaviors.
Classical conditioning involves reinforcement, while operant conditioning involves punishment.
Classical conditioning involves associating stimuli, while operant conditioning involves shaping behaviors through consequences.
Classical conditioning is used primarily with animals, while operant conditioning is used primarily with humans.
#12
What is the term used to describe learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change?
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Insight learning
#13
What is the phenomenon known as when a learned behavior decreases in frequency or disappears due to lack of reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#14
Who proposed the 'Law of Effect,' stating that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely?
Edward Thorndike
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
#15
Who proposed the 'Social Learning Theory,' emphasizing the role of cognitive processes in learning and the importance of observational learning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura