#1
Which psychologist is known for the concept of classical conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
#2
In operant conditioning, what is reinforcement?
Decreasing a behavior
Punishing a behavior
Increasing a behavior
Ignoring a behavior
#3
Who proposed the social learning theory, emphasizing the role of modeling?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
#4
What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Discrimination
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
#5
Who introduced the concept of the Skinner box in operant conditioning experiments?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
#6
Who proposed the law of effect, which states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to occur?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
Albert Bandura
#7
Who introduced the concept of shaping in operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Edward Thorndike
#8
What is the term for learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others?
Cognitive learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
#9
According to the law of effect, what happens to behaviors followed by pleasant consequences?
They decrease in frequency
They increase in frequency
They become random
They remain unchanged
#10
What is the term for the process of gradually weakening a learned response?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#11
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#12
Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
Receiving a paycheck every week
Checking email at random times
Winning a prize after every five attempts
Getting a cookie for good behavior
#13
What is the primary principle behind operant conditioning?
Stimulus-response association
Trial and error learning
Rewards and punishments
Observational learning
#14
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs?
Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
Partial reinforcement
Variable reinforcement
#15
What is the term for the reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period?
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
#16
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Taking away a privilege
Giving a reward
Adding an unpleasant consequence
Ignoring a behavior
#17
What is the term for the process of learning to respond to a certain stimulus and not to others?
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#18
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Giving a reward
Adding an unpleasant consequence
Taking away a privilege
Ignoring a behavior
#19
What is the term for the process of weakening a conditioned response by presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#20
In Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, children who observed aggressive behavior were more likely to imitate it. What was this phenomenon called?
Discrimination
Extinction
Observational learning
Spontaneous recovery
#21
In the context of shaping behavior, what is successive approximation?
Rewarding behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior
Punishing behaviors that are unrelated to the desired behavior
Ignoring all behaviors except the desired behavior
Immediately correcting any deviation from the desired behavior
#22
Which schedule of reinforcement results in the highest resistance to extinction?
Fixed-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-ratio
Variable-interval
#23
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a varying number of responses, with the average being constant?
Fixed-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-ratio
Variable-interval
#24
According to Bandura's social learning theory, what are the three key factors that influence observational learning?
Attention, retention, and reproduction
Discrimination, extinction, and generalization
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and reinforcement
#25
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement?
Fixed-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-ratio
Variable-interval