#1
Who is famously associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#2
Which psychologist proposed the theory of social learning, emphasizing the role of modeling in behavior?
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
#3
What is the term for the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until it elicits a conditioned response?
Acquisition
Discrimination
Generalization
Extinction
#4
Who proposed the theory of behaviorism, focusing on observable behaviors and rejecting the study of mental processes?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#5
What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Discrimination
Extinction
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
#6
What term describes the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#7
In classical conditioning, what term refers to the weakening or suppression of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#8
What is the term for learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Cognitive learning
Social learning
#9
What is the process of shaping in behavior modification?
Reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior
Punishing behaviors that are not the desired behavior
Gradually decreasing the frequency of a behavior
Reinforcing only the desired behavior
#10
In operant conditioning, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that gains its value through association with other reinforcers
A reinforcer that is inherently satisfying and does not require learning
A reinforcer that is effective only in certain situations
A reinforcer that loses its effectiveness over time
#11
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning?
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
Acquisition
#12
Which reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#13
Which of the following is NOT an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking painkillers to relieve a headache
Fastening your seatbelt to stop the annoying seatbelt alarm in your car
Turning off a loud alarm by entering the correct security code
Giving a child a cookie to stop their crying
#14
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Giving a child a timeout for misbehaving
Adding extra chores for not completing homework
Removing a child's toy for fighting with siblings
Praising a student for good grades
#15
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Praising a student for good behavior
Taking away a chore for completing homework
Giving a child a timeout for misbehaving
Adding extra assignments for poor performance
#16
In operant conditioning, what term refers to the process of presenting a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#17
In behavior modification, what is the term for removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment