#1
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association
Learning through observation
Learning through rewards and punishments
Learning through trial and error
#2
Who is known for the famous 'Little Albert' experiment in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#3
Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The response initially elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
The neutral stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus
The response to the conditioned stimulus after conditioning
#5
What is the process of learning through consequences of actions?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Cognitive learning
#6
What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#7
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#8
What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#9
What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually strengthening a target behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
Punishing undesirable behaviors
Discriminating between different stimuli
Generalizing learned behaviors to new situations
#10
Who introduced the concept of 'law of effect' in the context of operant conditioning?
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#11
What is the process by which a behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior recurring called?
Positive reinforcement
Punishment
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
#12
What is the concept in operant conditioning where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses?
Continuous reinforcement
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#13
According to operant conditioning principles, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that inherently satisfies a biological need
A reinforcer that is learned through association
A reinforcer that is effective in every situation
A reinforcer that is given intermittently
#14
What is the phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reemerges after the conditioned stimulus is presented again?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#15
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Punishment
Generalization
Shaping
Extinction