#1
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association
Learning through observation
Learning through rewards and punishments
Learning through trial and error
#2
Who is known for the famous 'Little Albert' experiment in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#3
Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?
The response initially elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
The neutral stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus
The response to the conditioned stimulus after conditioning
#5
What is the process of learning through consequences of actions?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Cognitive learning
#6
Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs?
Variable reinforcement
Fixed reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
#7
Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#8
What is the term for the process of learning by observing others' behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Cognitive learning
#9
What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#10
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#11
What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#12
What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually strengthening a target behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
Punishing undesirable behaviors
Discriminating between different stimuli
Generalizing learned behaviors to new situations
#13
Who introduced the concept of 'law of effect' in the context of operant conditioning?
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
#14
What is the process of decreasing a behavior by removing a desired stimulus?
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
#15
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#16
What is the term for learning that occurs without reinforcement, but is not immediately reflected in behavior?
Implicit learning
Explicit learning
Insight learning
Latent learning
#17
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Giving a reward for good behavior
Adding chores for misbehavior
Removing TV privileges for breaking curfew
Increasing allowance for completing chores
#18
Which psychologist is associated with the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating observational learning?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
#19
According to Bandura's social learning theory, what are the four processes involved in observational learning?
Attention, retention, motor reproduction, reinforcement
Attention, memory, imitation, reinforcement
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
Attention, encoding, rehearsal, retrieval
#20
What is the term for the tendency to respond differently to similar stimuli if they are predictive of different outcomes?
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#21
What is the process by which a behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior recurring called?
Positive reinforcement
Punishment
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
#22
What is the concept in operant conditioning where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses?
Continuous reinforcement
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#23
According to operant conditioning principles, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that inherently satisfies a biological need
A reinforcer that is learned through association
A reinforcer that is effective in every situation
A reinforcer that is given intermittently
#24
What is the phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reemerges after the conditioned stimulus is presented again?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#25
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Punishment
Generalization
Shaping
Extinction