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Behavioral Conditioning and Learning Processes Quiz

#1

What is classical conditioning?

Learning through association
Explanation

Association-based learning process.

#2

Who is known for the famous 'Little Albert' experiment in classical conditioning?

John B. Watson
Explanation

Conducted by John B. Watson.

#3

Who proposed the Social Learning Theory, emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning?

Albert Bandura
Explanation

Albert Bandura's theory.

#4

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response?

The response initially elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Explanation

Natural reaction before conditioning.

#5

What is the process of learning through consequences of actions?

Operant conditioning
Explanation

Learning via outcome feedback.

#6

Which type of reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs?

Continuous reinforcement
Explanation

Reinforcement after each action.

#7

Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner
Explanation

Introduced by B.F. Skinner.

#8

What is the term for the process of learning by observing others' behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors?

Social learning
Explanation

Learning via observation.

#9

What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction
Explanation

Conditioned response fading.

#10

In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?

Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
Explanation

Removing aversive stimulus to reinforce.

#11

What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus?

Generalization
Explanation

Broadening response to similar stimuli.

#12

What is shaping in operant conditioning?

Gradually strengthening a target behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
Explanation

Incremental behavior reinforcement.

#13

Who introduced the concept of 'law of effect' in the context of operant conditioning?

Edward Thorndike
Explanation

Proposed by Edward Thorndike.

#14

What is the process of decreasing a behavior by removing a desired stimulus?

Negative punishment
Explanation

Removing a positive reinforcer.

#15

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the weakening of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction
Explanation

Gradual response fading.

#16

What is the term for learning that occurs without reinforcement, but is not immediately reflected in behavior?

Latent learning
Explanation

Hidden but effective learning.

#17

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Removing TV privileges for breaking curfew
Explanation

Punishment via privilege removal.

#18

Which psychologist is associated with the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating observational learning?

Albert Bandura
Explanation

Albert Bandura's famous study.

#19

According to Bandura's social learning theory, what are the four processes involved in observational learning?

Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
Explanation

Key stages of observational learning.

#20

What is the term for the tendency to respond differently to similar stimuli if they are predictive of different outcomes?

Discrimination
Explanation

Differentiation based on outcomes.

#21

What is the process by which a behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior recurring called?

Punishment
Explanation

Behavioral suppression.

#22

What is the concept in operant conditioning where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses?

Variable-ratio schedule
Explanation

Random reinforcement timing.

#23

According to operant conditioning principles, what is a primary reinforcer?

A reinforcer that inherently satisfies a biological need
Explanation

Biologically rewarding stimulus.

#24

What is the phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reemerges after the conditioned stimulus is presented again?

Spontaneous recovery
Explanation

Resurgence of conditioned response.

#25

In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?

Shaping
Explanation

Molding behavior toward goal.

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