#1
Who is famously associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationFamous psychologist associated with operant conditioning.
#2
Which psychologist proposed the theory of social learning, emphasizing the role of modeling in behavior?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationPsychologist emphasizing social learning and modeling in behavior.
#3
What is the term for the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until it elicits a conditioned response?
Acquisition
ExplanationAssociating neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus until it elicits a conditioned response.
#4
Who proposed the theory of behaviorism, focusing on observable behaviors and rejecting the study of mental processes?
John B. Watson
ExplanationProposed behaviorism, focused on observable behaviors, rejected mental processes.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
ExplanationTendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
#6
What term describes the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing behaviors increasingly similar to the desired behavior.
#7
In classical conditioning, what term refers to the weakening or suppression of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent?
Extinction
ExplanationWeakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
#8
What is the term for learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others?
Social learning
ExplanationLearning through observation of others' behavior.
#9
What is the process of shaping in behavior modification?
Reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior
ExplanationReinforcing behaviors similar to the desired behavior in behavior modification.
#10
In operant conditioning, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that is inherently satisfying and does not require learning
ExplanationInherently satisfying reinforcer in operant conditioning, no learning required.
#11
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationReappearance of extinguished conditioned response after rest, no further conditioning.
#12
Which reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
ExplanationReinforcement after a fixed number of responses in the schedule.
#13
Which of the following is NOT an example of negative reinforcement?
Giving a child a cookie to stop their crying
ExplanationNot an example of negative reinforcement; involves positive reinforcement.
#14
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Adding extra chores for not completing homework
ExplanationPositive punishment example; adding chores as a consequence.
#15
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away a chore for completing homework
ExplanationExample of negative reinforcement; removing a chore as a reward.
#16
In operant conditioning, what term refers to the process of presenting a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated?
Positive punishment
ExplanationPresenting a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in operant conditioning.
#17
In behavior modification, what is the term for removing a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative punishment
ExplanationRemoving a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior in behavior modification.