#1
Which of the following is a key principle of behavior modification?
Punishment
Positive reinforcement
Randomization
Isolation
#2
What is the purpose of using token economies in behavior modification?
To replace money with tokens
To reinforce behavior using a system of tokens that can be exchanged for desired rewards
To punish undesirable behavior
To eliminate the need for reinforcement
#3
Which of the following is an example of a positive reinforcer?
Taking away a privilege
Adding a pleasant stimulus
Applying punishment
Ignoring the behavior
#4
Which term is used to describe the process of reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs?
Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
Variable reinforcement
Fixed reinforcement
#5
What is the term for a procedure where a behavior is followed by the immediate presentation of a stimulus, increasing the likelihood of the behavior recurring?
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Positive reinforcement
Extinction
#6
In behavior modification, what does the term 'shaping' refer to?
Changing an individual's genetic makeup
Gradually molding and reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior
Removing a behavior entirely
Applying punishment to correct behavior
#7
What is the ABC model in behavior modification?
Anxiety, Behavior, Consequence
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
Achievement, Behavior, Collaboration
Association, Behavior, Consistency
#8
Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#9
What is the primary focus of behavior contracts in behavior modification?
Punishing undesirable behavior
Negotiating salaries for behavior change
Setting clear expectations and consequences
Encouraging random behaviors
#10
What is the role of antecedents in the ABC model of behavior modification?
They follow the behavior
They precede the behavior and set the occasion for it
They are irrelevant to behavior
They are the consequences of behavior
#11
Which instructional strategy involves breaking down a complex skill into sub-skills and teaching each sub-skill in a sequence?
Cooperative learning
Task analysis
Direct instruction
Scaffolding
#12
In behavior modification, what does the term 'chaining' refer to?
Linking multiple behaviors together to form a sequence
Breaking a behavior into smaller steps
Stopping a behavior abruptly
Replacing one behavior with another
#13
Which instructional strategy focuses on breaking down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps to teach a skill?
Direct instruction
Task analysis
Scaffolding
Cooperative learning
#14
In the context of behavior modification, what does 'extinction' mean?
A sudden increase in a behavior
The removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decrease in the behavior
The strengthening of a behavior through reinforcement
The introduction of a new behavior
#15
Which instructional strategy involves providing temporary support and guidance to a learner to help them achieve a task?
Task analysis
Scaffolding
Cooperative learning
Direct instruction
#16
In behavior modification, what does 'generalization' refer to?
Limiting a behavior to a specific context
Applying learned behavior to different but similar situations
Decreasing the frequency of a behavior
Ignoring a behavior completely
#17
In behavior modification, what is the purpose of a time-out?
To reward positive behavior
To provide additional learning time
To remove reinforcement by temporarily removing the individual from a reinforcing environment
To extend the duration of a behavior
#18
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency of reinforcement to encourage a behavior to persist without continual reinforcement?
Satiation
Fading
Counterconditioning
Overcorrection
#19
Which instructional strategy involves providing models or examples to help learners understand a concept or task?
Task analysis
Cooperative learning
Direct instruction
Scaffolding