#1
Which of the following best defines positive reinforcement?
Adding something aversive to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something aversive to increase a behavior
#2
What is an example of negative reinforcement?
Receiving a bonus for completing work on time
Taking painkillers to alleviate a headache
Ignoring a child's tantrum to reduce attention-seeking behavior
Scolding a dog for chewing on furniture
#3
Which theorist is associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#4
What is the term for the process of learning by observing others and imitating their behavior?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Social learning
Reinforcement learning
#5
Which term refers to the weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#6
What is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that derives its value from being associated with a secondary reinforcer
A reinforcer that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water
A reinforcer that is effective only after conditioning
A reinforcer that is ineffective in changing behavior
#7
In operant conditioning, punishment is best described as:
Adding something to decrease a behavior
Removing something to decrease a behavior
Adding something to increase a behavior
Removing something to increase a behavior
#8
Which type of reinforcement schedule is characterized by reinforcement being delivered after a variable number of responses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#9
What is the term for the process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations to the desired behavior?
Shaping
Chaining
Modeling
Punishment
#10
In classical conditioning, what is the process of a conditioned response weakening and eventually disappearing called?
Extinction
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
#11
Which reinforcement schedule typically produces the highest response rate?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#12
Which reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
#13
What is the phenomenon where a previously extinguished behavior reemerges after a delay?
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
#14
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#15
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
#16
What is the term for the process where a conditioned response reappears after a rest period, following extinction?
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction