#1
Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of viral replication?
Penetration
Integration
Assembly
Release
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lysogenic cycle of viral replication?
Rapid host cell lysis
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
Release of mature virions
Production of viral proteins
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Baltimore classification system?
Classifies viruses based on their hosts
Classifies viruses based on their morphology
Classifies viruses based on their replication strategy
Classifies viruses based on their size
#4
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA) from viral RNA in retroviral replication?
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Integrase
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of the provirus?
It is the inactive form of a virus in the lysogenic cycle.
It is the active form of a virus in the lytic cycle.
It is a virus particle released from the host cell.
It is a viral enzyme involved in replication.
#6
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase in retroviral replication?
Transcribes viral RNA into DNA
Transcribes host DNA into viral RNA
Replicates viral DNA
Assembles new viral particles
#7
Which type of viral genome is composed of single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for mRNA synthesis?
Double-stranded RNA
Positive-sense RNA
Negative-sense RNA
Retroviral RNA
#8
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding the viral genome?
Capsid
Envelope
Nucleocapsid
Membrane
#9
Which enzyme is essential for the integration of retroviral DNA into the host genome?
Integrase
Polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
#10
What is the primary function of the viral envelope?
Protection of viral genome
Recognition of host cell receptors
Replication of viral genome
Assembly of new viral particles
#11
In which phase of the viral life cycle does viral DNA integrate into the host cell genome?
Attachment
Penetration
Latency
Assembly
#12
Which enzyme is responsible for the cleavage and processing of viral polyproteins during viral replication?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Protease
Ligase
#13
Which of the following is NOT a strategy used by viruses to evade host immune responses?
Antigenic variation
Suppression of host immune system
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
Inhibition of apoptosis
#14
What is the term for the process by which enveloped viruses release mature virions from the host cell without causing cell lysis?
Endocytosis
Budding
Fusion
Transcription
#15
What is the role of viral integrase in the retroviral life cycle?
Transcribes viral RNA into DNA
Cleaves host cell DNA
Integrates viral DNA into host genome
Assembles new viral particles