#1
Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of viral replication?
Integration
ExplanationLytic cycle involves attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, and release, but not integration into the host genome.
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lysogenic cycle of viral replication?
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
ExplanationLysogenic cycle involves integration of viral DNA into the host genome.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Baltimore classification system?
Classifies viruses based on their replication strategy
ExplanationBaltimore classification categorizes viruses based on their replication strategies.
#4
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA) from viral RNA in retroviral replication?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase synthesizes cDNA from viral RNA in retroviral replication.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of the provirus?
It is the inactive form of a virus in the lysogenic cycle.
ExplanationProvirus is the inactive form of a virus in the lysogenic cycle.
#6
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase in retroviral replication?
Transcribes viral RNA into DNA
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA in retroviral replication.
#7
Which type of viral genome is composed of single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for mRNA synthesis?
Positive-sense RNA
ExplanationPositive-sense RNA serves as a template for mRNA synthesis.
#8
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding the viral genome?
Capsid
ExplanationCapsid is the protective protein coat around the viral genome.
#9
Which enzyme is essential for the integration of retroviral DNA into the host genome?
Integrase
ExplanationIntegrase is crucial for integrating retroviral DNA into the host genome.
#10
What is the primary function of the viral envelope?
Recognition of host cell receptors
ExplanationViral envelope is responsible for recognizing host cell receptors.
#11
In which phase of the viral life cycle does viral DNA integrate into the host cell genome?
Latency
ExplanationIntegration of viral DNA into the host genome occurs during latency.
#12
Which enzyme is responsible for the cleavage and processing of viral polyproteins during viral replication?
Protease
ExplanationProtease cleaves and processes viral polyproteins in replication.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a strategy used by viruses to evade host immune responses?
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
ExplanationIntegration into the host genome is not a strategy for evading host immune responses.
#14
What is the term for the process by which enveloped viruses release mature virions from the host cell without causing cell lysis?
Budding
ExplanationBudding is the process of releasing virions without causing cell lysis.
#15
What is the role of viral integrase in the retroviral life cycle?
Integrates viral DNA into host genome
ExplanationViral integrase integrates retroviral DNA into the host genome.