#1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
Ability to reproduce outside a host cell
Presence of genetic material
Utilization of host cellular machinery
Inability to metabolize nutrients
#2
Which of the following is a common method of viral transmission?
Photosynthesis
Binary fission
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
Osmosis
#3
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral replication cycle?
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Binary fission
Budding
#4
What is a prophage in the context of viral replication?
A viral particle
A host cell infected by a virus
A viral genome integrated into the host cell's genome
A viral enzyme involved in replication
#5
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a bacteriophage?
Infects bacteria
Contains RNA as its genetic material
Has a protein capsid
Utilizes host cell machinery
#6
What is the function of viral spikes?
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Neutralize host cell enzymes
Enhance viral replication
Protect viral RNA
#7
Which of the following is NOT a method by which viruses can enter host cells?
Endocytosis
Fusion with host cell membrane
Binary fission
Injection of genetic material
#8
What is the primary function of viral capsids?
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Regulate viral gene expression
Protect viral genetic material
Facilitate viral replication
#9
Which enzyme is essential for HIV replication?
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
DNA ligase
Helicase
#10
Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing chickenpox?
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Human papillomavirus
Influenza virus
#11
What is a retrovirus?
A virus with a lipid envelope
A virus that only infects bacteria
A virus that carries its genetic material in the form of RNA
A virus that can integrate its genetic material into the host genome
#12
Which of the following viruses causes the common cold?
Influenza virus
Rhinovirus
Hepatitis B virus
Human papillomavirus
#13
What is the function of a viral envelope?
Protects the viral genome
Facilitates attachment to host cells
Regulates viral gene expression
Initiates viral replication
#14
Which of the following is characteristic of RNA viruses?
They replicate in the host cell nucleus
They are more stable than DNA viruses
They always have a lipid envelope
They can undergo rapid mutation
#15
What is a viroid?
A type of bacteriophage
A virus that infects plants
An infectious agent composed solely of RNA
A virus that infects animals
#16
Which of the following is a strategy used by viruses to evade the host immune response?
Direct killing of infected cells
Inhibition of viral replication
Antigen presentation
Antigenic variation
#17
What is the name of the protein coat surrounding a virus's genetic material?
Capsule
Envelope
Capsid
Matrix
#18
Which of the following is an example of a retrovirus?
Influenza virus
HIV
Hepatitis B virus
Rhinovirus
#19
Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing Ebola virus disease?
Rabies virus
HIV
Marburg virus
Ebola virus