#1
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral genome?
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
#2
Which viral structure is responsible for attaching to host cell receptors?
Capsid
Envelope
Nucleocapsid
Spikes
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of RNA viruses?
They replicate in the host cell nucleus
They are usually larger in size compared to DNA viruses
They have a high mutation rate
They lack a protein coat
#4
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral entry into host cells?
Endocytosis
Fusion with host cell membrane
Transcription
Injection of genetic material
#5
Which of the following is a common mechanism of antiviral immunity in mammals?
Activation of the complement system
Production of antibodies
Activation of the adaptive immune response
All of the above
#6
What is the primary target of antiviral drugs?
Viral nucleic acids
Host cell membranes
Viral capsid proteins
Viral glycoproteins
#7
Which enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Ligase
#8
Which stage of the viral life cycle involves the assembly of viral components to form complete virions?
Attachment
Penetration
Assembly
Release
#9
What is the function of the viral protein coat or capsid?
Protection of viral genome
Facilitation of viral attachment
Assistance in viral replication
Release of viral progeny
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a lytic viral replication cycle?
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
Gradual release of viral particles from the host cell
Cell lysis and immediate release of viral progeny
Formation of latent infection
#11
Which of the following viruses is known for causing hemorrhagic fever?
HIV
Influenza virus
Ebola virus
Hepatitis B virus
#12
Which viral enzyme is responsible for cleaving host mRNA during viral mRNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase
Helicase
Reverse transcriptase
Endonuclease
#13
Which of the following viruses is known for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
Hepatitis B virus
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
#14
Which of the following viruses is known for causing chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus
Rubella virus
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalovirus
#15
Which of the following viruses is known for causing measles?
Rhinovirus
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Rubella virus