#1
Which of the following is not a type of viral genome?
Single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded DNA
Triple-stranded RNA
Single-stranded DNA
#2
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase?
To synthesize RNA from DNA
To synthesize DNA from RNA
To degrade DNA
To degrade RNA
#3
What is the role of the viral capsid in the viral life cycle?
To protect the viral genome
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To synthesize viral proteins
To transport viral RNA
#4
Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus?
Influenza virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Rabies virus
#5
Which of the following viruses is known to cause cancer in humans?
Rhinovirus
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Rotavirus
Coronavirus
#6
What is the function of the viral envelope in the viral life cycle?
To protect the viral genome
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To synthesize viral proteins
To transport viral RNA
#7
Which enzyme is responsible for viral genome integration into the host cell's DNA?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Integrase
Reverse transcriptase
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
They contain a single-stranded DNA genome.
They replicate using a DNA intermediate.
They replicate in the host cell's cytoplasm.
They lack an envelope protein.
#9
Which cellular organelle is primarily targeted by picornaviruses during replication?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
#10
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza virus infection?
Attachment to host cell receptors
Release of virions from infected cells
Viral genome replication
Protein synthesis
#11
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving precursor polyproteins into individual functional proteins during viral replication?
Polymerase
Protease
Helicase
Ligase
#12
What is the main target of antiviral drugs that inhibit viral replication?
Viral envelope proteins
Viral nucleic acids
Host cell membrane
Host cell nucleus
#13
Which viral replication cycle involves the gradual release of virions from the host cell without causing immediate cell death?
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Budding
Fusion
#14
Which of the following is a feature of positive-sense RNA viruses?
Their genome serves directly as mRNA.
They require reverse transcriptase for replication.
They are unable to replicate in the cytoplasm.
They lack a lipid envelope.
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of negative-sense RNA viruses?
Their genome serves directly as mRNA.
They require reverse transcriptase for replication.
They replicate in the host cell nucleus.
They require RNA polymerase for replication.
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
They lack a lipid bilayer.
They are more resistant to environmental conditions.
They acquire their envelope from the host cell membrane.
They have a simpler structure compared to non-enveloped viruses.