#1
Which of the following is not a type of viral genome?
Triple-stranded RNA
ExplanationTriple-stranded RNA is not a type of viral genome; viruses typically have single-stranded RNA or DNA.
#2
What is the primary function of reverse transcriptase?
To synthesize DNA from RNA
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA into DNA, crucial in retroviral replication.
#3
What is the role of the viral capsid in the viral life cycle?
To protect the viral genome
ExplanationThe viral capsid provides protection to the viral genome from host defenses.
#4
Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
ExplanationHIV is a retrovirus, utilizing reverse transcriptase for replication.
#5
Which of the following viruses is known to cause cancer in humans?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
ExplanationHPV is associated with various cancers, including cervical cancer.
#6
What is the function of the viral envelope in the viral life cycle?
To facilitate attachment to host cells
ExplanationThe viral envelope contains proteins that help the virus attach to host cell receptors.
#7
Which enzyme is responsible for viral genome integration into the host cell's DNA?
Integrase
ExplanationIntegrase facilitates the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
They replicate using a DNA intermediate.
ExplanationRetroviruses convert their RNA genome into DNA using reverse transcriptase.
#9
Which cellular organelle is primarily targeted by picornaviruses during replication?
Mitochondria
ExplanationPicornaviruses predominantly target the host cell's cytoplasm, not mitochondria.
#10
What is the function of neuraminidase in influenza virus infection?
Release of virions from infected cells
ExplanationNeuraminidase assists in the release of newly formed influenza virions from infected cells.
#11
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving precursor polyproteins into individual functional proteins during viral replication?
Protease
ExplanationProtease enzymes are crucial in processing viral polyproteins into functional proteins.
#12
What is the main target of antiviral drugs that inhibit viral replication?
Viral nucleic acids
ExplanationAntiviral drugs often target viral nucleic acids to inhibit replication.
#13
Which viral replication cycle involves the gradual release of virions from the host cell without causing immediate cell death?
Budding
ExplanationBudding allows virions to be released from the host cell membrane without cell lysis.
#14
Which of the following is a feature of positive-sense RNA viruses?
Their genome serves directly as mRNA.
ExplanationPositive-sense RNA viruses can directly translate their RNA into proteins.
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of negative-sense RNA viruses?
They require RNA polymerase for replication.
ExplanationNegative-sense RNA viruses cannot be directly translated and require RNA polymerase.
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
They acquire their envelope from the host cell membrane.
ExplanationEnveloped viruses derive their lipid envelope from the host cell's membrane.