#1
What is the primary function of a viral capsid?
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Store genetic material
Provide structural support to the virus
Promote viral replication
#2
Which step is a common feature of both lytic and lysogenic cycles in bacteriophages?
Release of new virions
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome
Injection of viral genetic material into the host cell
Assembly of new virions
#3
Which cellular organelle is involved in the processing and packaging of newly synthesized viral proteins?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
#4
What is the primary target of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of HIV?
Viral capsid
Viral polymerase
Viral integrase
Viral envelope
#5
What is the role of the viral protease enzyme in the late stages of the viral life cycle?
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Cleave viral polyproteins into functional proteins
Synthesize viral RNA
Package viral RNA into new virions
#6
Which of the following is a common target for antiviral drugs?
Ribosomes
Viral capsid
Cell membrane
Nucleic acids
#7
What is the main enzyme responsible for viral RNA replication?
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Reverse transcriptase
Helicase
#8
What is the primary purpose of the viral envelope?
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Protect the viral genome
Promote viral replication
Regulate viral gene expression
#9
In the context of viral replication, what is meant by the term 'budding'?
Release of mature virions from the host cell
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome
Injection of viral genetic material into the host cell
Assembly of new virions
#10
What is a common characteristic of retroviruses regarding their genome?
Double-stranded DNA genome
Single-stranded RNA genome
Double-stranded RNA genome
Single-stranded DNA genome
#11
What is the function of the viral polymerase in the context of RNA viruses?
Synthesize viral proteins
Replicate the viral genome
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Package viral RNA into new virions
#12
Which of the following viruses is an enveloped virus?
Hepatitis A virus
Adenovirus
Influenza virus
Rhinovirus
#13
What is the role of the viral integrase enzyme in the retroviral life cycle?
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Integrate viral DNA into the host genome
Replicate viral RNA
Package viral RNA into new virions
#14
Which type of viral genome requires the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand during replication?
Double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA
Single-stranded DNA
#15
What is a viroid?
A type of enveloped virus
A subviral particle
A small infectious RNA molecule
A bacterial virus
#16
Which viral replication strategy involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome and a long-term relationship with the host cell?
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Budding
Assembly
#17
In the context of viral entry, what is the role of viral spikes or glycoproteins?
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Package viral RNA into new virions
Replicate the viral genome
Release mature virions from the host cell