#1
What is the primary function of the viral capsid?
To facilitate attachment to host cells
To protect the viral genome
To synthesize viral proteins
To regulate viral gene expression
#2
What is the name of the process by which a virus enters a host cell?
Adsorption
Penetration
Replication
Release
#3
What is the primary function of viral polymerase during replication?
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Synthesize viral RNA or DNA
Destroy host cell DNA
Release mature virions from the host cell
#4
What is the name of the protein shell surrounding the viral genome?
Capsid
Envelope
Matrix
Nucleocapsid
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of the eclipse phase of viral replication?
Release of mature virions from the host cell
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome
Absence of visible viral particles within the host cell
Immediate destruction of the host cell
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lytic cycle in viral replication?
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome
Gradual release of viral particles without cell lysis
Immediate destruction of the host cell
Establishment of a dormant state within the host cell
#7
Which enzyme is essential for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
Polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Ligase
Helicase
#8
Which of the following best describes the function of viral envelope proteins?
Facilitate viral attachment to host cells
Provide protection to the viral genome
Regulate viral gene expression
Participate in viral genome replication
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of lysogenic viral replication?
Immediate destruction of the host cell
Viral genome integration into the host genome
Gradual release of viral particles without cell lysis
Production of mature virions upon infection
#10
Which of the following best describes the function of viral protease?
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Cleave viral polyproteins into functional components
Stimulate host immune response
Inhibit host cell division
#11
Which step is NOT part of the retroviral life cycle?
Integration of viral DNA into host genome
Release of mature virions from the host cell
Synthesis of DNA from RNA template
Transcription of viral RNA into DNA
#12
What is the role of neuraminidase in the influenza virus life cycle?
Viral entry into host cell
Release of newly formed virions from the host cell
Integration of viral genome into host DNA
Initiation of viral protein synthesis
#13
Which of the following is NOT a method by which viruses can be classified?
Size and shape
Host specificity
Presence of an envelope
Mode of transmission
#14
What is the role of viral integrase during the retroviral life cycle?
Cleave viral polyproteins into functional components
Facilitate viral entry into host cells
Integrate viral DNA into host genome
Release mature virions from the host cell
#15
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme?
Synthesizes DNA from RNA template
Replicates RNA from DNA template
Transcribes RNA into protein
Replicates RNA from RNA template