#1
What is the primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
To transport proteins within the cell
To store genetic information
#2
Where does translation occur within the cell?
In the nucleus
In the cytoplasm
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum
In the mitochondria
#3
What is the start codon that initiates translation?
#4
Which enzyme is responsible for joining amino acids together during protein synthesis?
RNA polymerase
Ligase
Helicase
Peptidyl transferase
#5
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
To transcribe mRNA into tRNA
To translate mRNA into protein
To replicate DNA
To splice introns from mRNA
#6
Which of the following is NOT involved in transcription?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Promoter region
Terminator region
#7
Which of the following accurately describes a frameshift mutation?
A single nucleotide base is substituted with another
An entire segment of DNA is duplicated
A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame
A segment of DNA is inverted
#8
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
To synthesize mRNA
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
To transcribe DNA into mRNA
To form the ribosome structure
#9
What is the genetic code redundancy or degeneracy?
The ability of tRNA to recognize multiple codons
The fact that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon
The process of gene duplication
The mutation rate of DNA sequences
#10
What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Silent mutation
Nonsense mutation
Missense mutation
Frameshift mutation
#11
What is the effect of a missense mutation?
No change in the resulting protein
Early termination of translation
Altered amino acid sequence in the resulting protein
Deletion of a nucleotide base
#12
Which type of mutation has the greatest potential to disrupt the resulting protein?
Silent mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation
Missense mutation
#13
Which of the following is an example of a silent mutation?
A missense mutation
A nonsense mutation
A frameshift mutation
A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence
#14
Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
Duplication
#15
What is the significance of the genetic code being universal?
All organisms use the same codons to encode the same amino acids
Different organisms use different codons to encode the same amino acids
Only eukaryotic organisms share the same genetic code
Prokaryotic organisms have a different genetic code from eukaryotic organisms
#16
In eukaryotes, where does mRNA processing, including splicing, occur?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a point mutation?
It affects multiple nucleotides simultaneously
It results from the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide
It alters a single nucleotide base
It does not lead to any change in the amino acid sequence