#1
What is the primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
ExplanationmRNA acts as a template guiding the order of amino acids during protein synthesis.
#2
Where does translation occur within the cell?
In the cytoplasm
ExplanationTranslation occurs in the cytoplasm where ribosomes read mRNA to assemble proteins.
#3
What is the start codon that initiates translation?
AUG
ExplanationAUG is the start codon signaling the initiation of translation.
#4
Which enzyme is responsible for joining amino acids together during protein synthesis?
Peptidyl transferase
ExplanationPeptidyl transferase catalyzes the bonding of amino acids during protein synthesis.
#5
What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?
To translate mRNA into protein
ExplanationRibosomes translate mRNA into proteins during protein synthesis.
#6
Which of the following is NOT involved in transcription?
DNA polymerase
ExplanationDNA polymerase is not directly involved in transcription; it functions in DNA replication.
#7
Which of the following accurately describes a frameshift mutation?
A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame
ExplanationFrameshift mutation results from insertion or deletion, altering the reading frame.
#8
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
ExplanationtRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
#9
What is the genetic code redundancy or degeneracy?
The fact that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon
ExplanationGenetic code redundancy means multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
#10
What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
ExplanationNonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, terminating protein synthesis.
#11
What is the effect of a missense mutation?
Altered amino acid sequence in the resulting protein
ExplanationMissense mutation changes one amino acid in the protein sequence.
#12
Which type of mutation has the greatest potential to disrupt the resulting protein?
Frameshift mutation
ExplanationFrameshift mutation can alter the entire protein sequence due to a shift in the reading frame.
#13
Which of the following is an example of a silent mutation?
A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence
ExplanationSilent mutation doesn't change the amino acid sequence despite nucleotide alteration.
#14
Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?
Substitution
ExplanationPoint mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
#15
What is the significance of the genetic code being universal?
All organisms use the same codons to encode the same amino acids
ExplanationThe universal genetic code ensures consistency in amino acid coding across all organisms.
#16
In eukaryotes, where does mRNA processing, including splicing, occur?
Nucleus
ExplanationmRNA processing, including splicing, occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a point mutation?
It alters a single nucleotide base
ExplanationA point mutation involves the alteration of a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.