#1
Which nucleic acid carries genetic information in cells?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
#2
In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
#3
Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group
Ribose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Sulfur atom
#5
In RNA, which base pairs with adenine?
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Uracil
#6
Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil
#7
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together in a double helix?
Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Ionic bond
Peptide bond
#8
In RNA, which nucleotide base is complementary to guanine?
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Uracil
#9
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Ligase
Helicase
#10
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
It carries amino acids to the ribosome.
It forms the backbone of the ribosome.
It acts as a template for mRNA synthesis.
It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
#11
How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine in DNA?
#12
What is the primary function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
To unwind the DNA double helix
To join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
To proofread newly synthesized DNA
To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
#13
Which statement accurately describes the structure of RNA compared to DNA?
RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar, while DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar.
RNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar, while DNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar.
RNA is single-stranded with deoxyribose sugar, while DNA is double-stranded with ribose sugar.
RNA is double-stranded with ribose sugar, while DNA is single-stranded with deoxyribose sugar.
#14
Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into protein.
DNA is replicated, and then the copies are translated into RNA.
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Proteins are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into DNA.
#15
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?
The genetic code is non-overlapping and universal.
The genetic code is overlapping and specific to each species.
The genetic code is non-overlapping and specific to each species.
The genetic code is overlapping and universal.
#16
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?
Replication occurs bidirectionally from multiple origins in eukaryotes.
DNA polymerase synthesizes a new strand in the 3' to 5' direction.
The leading strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' to 3' direction.
Primase synthesizes RNA primers on the lagging strand.
#17
What is the significance of the genetic code being degenerate?
It allows for multiple codons to code for the same amino acid, providing redundancy.
It ensures that each codon codes for a unique amino acid.
It prevents errors in translation by providing a backup copy of the genetic information.
It allows for the genetic code to be read in both directions.
#18
Which of the following is a post-transcriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryotes?
Splicing
Polyadenylation
Capping
All of the above