#1
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Protein
Gene
Chromosome
Cell
#2
What is a codon in the context of genetics?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
A triplet of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
A type of mutation
A genetic disorder
#3
In genetics, what does the term 'heterozygous' mean?
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Having no alleles for a particular gene
Having three alleles for a particular gene
#4
In human genetics, what is the typical chromosome number in somatic cells?
#5
Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Rosalind Franklin
James Watson and Francis Crick
#6
What is the function of RNA in the cell?
Energy storage
Protein synthesis
Cellular respiration
DNA replication
#7
What is the role of mitosis in the cell cycle?
Cell division for growth and repair
Production of gametes
Creation of genetic diversity
Cellular respiration
#8
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by an abnormality in the number of sex chromosomes?
Cystic fibrosis
Hemophilia
Turner syndrome
Huntington's disease
#9
Which of the following is a sex-linked trait?
Eye color
Height
Color blindness
Hair texture
#10
Which process involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
Mitosis
Crossing over
Transcription
Translation
#11
What is the name of the process where genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA?
Transcription
Translation
Replication
Mutation
#12
In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?
A gene
A genotype
A phenotype
An allele
#13
What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
To create genetically modified organisms
To map and sequence the entire human genome
To study the behavior of genes in populations
To cure genetic diseases
#14
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
#15
What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits?
Polygenic inheritance
Codominance
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
#16
What is the purpose of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics?
To predict allele frequencies in the next generation
To study genetic mutations
To determine population size
To analyze gene expression