Genetics Basics Quiz

Genes are the basic units of heredity, carrying genetic information that determines traits and characteristics.

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.

Heterozygous individuals have two different alleles for a particular gene.

The typical chromosome number in somatic cells of humans is 46, arranged in 23 pairs.

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA.

RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, acting as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that leads to the growth and repair of tissues.

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of one X chromosome in females.

Color blindness is a sex-linked trait, often associated with the X chromosome.

Crossing over is the process during meiosis where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes.

Transcription is the process where genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA.

Each box in a Punnett square represents a possible genotype resulting from the combination of parental alleles.

The Human Genome Project aims to map and sequence the complete set of genes in the human genome.

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis.

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple and seemingly unrelated traits.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium helps predict allele frequencies in populations under certain conditions of genetic equilibrium.