DNA and its Significance in Biology Quiz

Test your knowledge on DNA's role in genetics with questions on structure, replication, and disorders. How well do you understand this fundamental molecule?

Practice Learn Test

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms?

Protein

RNA

DNA

Carbohydrate

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Dioxyribonucleic Acid

Dinucleic Acid

Deoxyribonucleotide

What is the sugar component found in the backbone of DNA?

Ribose

Glucose

Deoxyribose

Fructose

Which of the following nitrogenous bases are present in DNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil

Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Ribose

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

To unwind the DNA double helix

To proofread and correct errors in DNA replication

To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

To repair damaged DNA

Which scientist(s) is/are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick

Rosalind Franklin

Maurice Wilkins

All of the above

In the DNA double helix, which nitrogenous bases pair with each other?

Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine

Adenine with Cytosine, Guanine with Thymine

Adenine with Uracil, Guanine with Cytosine

Adenine with Guanine, Thymine with Cytosine

What is the term for the process by which the information in DNA is used to build proteins?

Transcription

Translation

Replication

Mutation

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of DNA replication?

It occurs during interphase of the cell cycle

It is a unidirectional process

It involves the synthesis of a leading and a lagging strand

It primarily occurs in prokaryotic cells

#10

What is the structure of the DNA molecule described as?

Single-stranded helix

Double helix

Triple helix

Random coil

#11

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

#12

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

To transcribe DNA into RNA

To replicate DNA

To translate mRNA into proteins

To repair damaged DNA

#13

Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and repairing errors in newly synthesized DNA?

DNA ligase

DNA polymerase

DNA helicase

DNA exonuclease

#14

What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a segment of DNA from chromosome 5, characterized by a distinctive cry, heart defects, and intellectual disability?

Down syndrome

Turner syndrome

Cri-du-chat syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

#15

Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms involves the use of a complementary strand as a template to repair the damaged DNA?

Base excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair

Mismatch repair

Homologous recombination