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DNA and its Significance in Biology Quiz

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#1

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms?

DNA
Explanation

Carrier of genetic instructions.

#2

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Explanation

Abbreviation explanation.

#3

What is the sugar component found in the backbone of DNA?

Deoxyribose
Explanation

DNA backbone sugar.

#4

Which of the following nitrogenous bases are present in DNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Explanation

Constituent bases of DNA.

#5

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
Explanation

DNA replication function.

#6

Which scientist(s) is/are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?

All of the above
Explanation

Shared credit for discovery.

#7

In the DNA double helix, which nitrogenous bases pair with each other?

Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine
Explanation

Base pairing rule.

#8

What is the term for the process by which the information in DNA is used to build proteins?

Translation
Explanation

Protein synthesis process.

#9

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of DNA replication?

It involves the synthesis of a leading and a lagging strand
Explanation

Characteristic of replication.

#10

What is the structure of the DNA molecule described as?

Double helix
Explanation

Describes DNA's shape.

#11

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Explanation

Exclusion of RNA types.

#12

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

To transcribe DNA into RNA
Explanation

Role in transcription.

#13

Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and repairing errors in newly synthesized DNA?

DNA polymerase
Explanation

Error correction enzyme.

#14

What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a segment of DNA from chromosome 5, characterized by a distinctive cry, heart defects, and intellectual disability?

Cri-du-chat syndrome
Explanation

Genetic disorder name.

#15

Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms involves the use of a complementary strand as a template to repair the damaged DNA?

Homologous recombination
Explanation

Repair mechanism description.

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