#1
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
Thomas Hunt Morgan
#2
What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?
To replicate DNA
To transcribe RNA from DNA
To translate mRNA into protein
To degrade mRNA
#3
What is the role of DNA ligase in molecular biology?
To replicate DNA
To join Okazaki fragments
To unwind DNA strands
To synthesize RNA
#4
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Ligase
Helicase
#5
What is the function of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
To synthesize RNA
To join Okazaki fragments
To unwind the DNA double helix
To proofread DNA sequences
#6
What is the function of PCR in molecular biology?
To amplify DNA
To synthesize RNA
To cut DNA at specific sequences
To clone genes
#7
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Topoisomerase
Helicase
#8
Which technique is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
PCR
Western blot
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis
#9
What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?
To unwind DNA strands
To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
To join Okazaki fragments
To proofread DNA sequences
#10
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Deoxyribonucleic RNA (dRNA)
#11
Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments by size?
PCR
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis
Western blot
#12
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in molecular biology?
To reverse the direction of DNA replication
To transcribe DNA into RNA
To synthesize DNA from RNA
To proofread DNA sequences
#13
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA replication
Protein folding
DNA transcription and translation
Gene regulation
#14
Which scientist discovered restriction enzymes?
Hamilton Smith
Kary Mullis
Paul Berg
Herbert Boyer
#15
Which technique is used to analyze gene expression levels?
PCR
Southern blot
Northern blot
Western blot
#16
Who proposed the 'one gene, one enzyme' hypothesis?
Gregor Mendel
Francis Crick
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
Barbara McClintock
#17
What is the function of a plasmid in molecular biology?
To amplify DNA
To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
To cut DNA at specific sequences
To replicate RNA
#18
Who discovered the first restriction enzyme?
Hamilton Smith
Kary Mullis
Paul Berg
Werner Arber
#19
What is the function of CRISPR-Cas9 in molecular biology?
To amplify DNA
To cut DNA at specific sequences
To synthesize RNA
To clone genes