#1
Which of the following is not a component of the ECG wave?
P wave
T wave
K wave
QRS complex
#2
What is the normal resting heart rate for adults?
60-100 beats per minute
100-140 beats per minute
40-60 beats per minute
140-180 beats per minute
#3
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Regular exercise
Smoking
#4
Which of the following conditions is characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeats?
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Heart block
#5
What does the term 'cardiac output' refer to?
Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute
Rate of oxygen consumption by the heart
Pressure exerted by the heart on the blood vessels
Rate of blood flow through the coronary arteries
#6
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
To conduct electrical signals between the atria and ventricles
To regulate heart rate by initiating electrical impulses
To regulate blood flow through the coronary arteries
To regulate blood pressure in the atria
#7
What does the P wave represent in an ECG?
Ventricular depolarization
Atrial repolarization
Atrial depolarization
Ventricular repolarization
#8
Which diagnostic test is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart over time?
Echocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Holter monitor
#9
Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
#10
What is the name of the valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic of diastole in the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular contraction
Atrial relaxation
Atrial contraction
Systolic pressure
#12
What is the term for the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle in one heartbeat?
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
End-diastolic volume
Ejection fraction
#13
What does an elevated ST segment indicate on an ECG?
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial infarction
Ventricular fibrillation
Sinus rhythm
#14
What is the purpose of a stress test in cardiac diagnostics?
To measure blood pressure
To assess heart rate variability
To evaluate heart function during physical activity
To measure blood oxygen levels
#15
Which of the following statements about the Frank-Starling mechanism is true?
It regulates heart rate.
It controls blood pressure.
It adjusts stroke volume based on venous return.
It coordinates atrial and ventricular contraction.
#16
Which of the following is a symptom of cardiac tamponade?
Chest pain relieved by rest
Pulsus paradoxus
Decreased jugular venous pressure
Hypertension
#17
What does a prolonged PR interval indicate on an ECG?
Atrioventricular block
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Atrial flutter
#18
What does the term 'preload' refer to in cardiac physiology?
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in one beat
The pressure generated in the ventricles during systole
The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries
The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole