#1
What is the primary goal of reinforcement?
To decrease a behavior
To maintain a behavior
To punish a behavior
To ignore a behavior
#2
Which type of reinforcement involves the addition of something desirable to increase a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#3
Which psychologist is credited with the development of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
John Watson
#4
Which of the following is an example of punishment?
Giving a child a toy for behaving well
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew
Ignoring a student who talks out of turn in class
Giving extra recess time for completing homework
#5
Which reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#6
What is an example of positive punishment?
Giving a child a toy for cleaning their room
Taking away a teenager's phone for skipping school
Ignoring a student who is talking in class
Praising a student for completing their homework
#7
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency or strength of a behavior by withholding reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#8
In operant conditioning, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that is naturally rewarding
A reinforcer that is learned through experience
A reinforcer that is given after a specific number of responses
A reinforcer that is given after a specific amount of time
#9
What term describes the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior?
Shaping
Chaining
Generalization
Discrimination
#10
Which reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after a variable number of responses, with the number varying around an average?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#11
In operant conditioning, what term refers to the weakening of a behavior through the removal of reinforcement or through the introduction of punishment?
Shaping
Chaining
Extinction
Discrimination
#12
What is the term for the process of gradually exposing an individual to a feared object or situation until the fear response is extinguished?
Desensitization
Counterconditioning
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
#13
What is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
#14
What is the term for the phenomenon where a behavior that was previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcement and decreases in frequency?
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Renewal effect
Reinforcement saturation
#15
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase behavior.
Positive reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase behavior.
Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to decrease behavior, while negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to decrease behavior.
Positive reinforcement removes a stimulus to decrease behavior, while negative reinforcement adds a stimulus to decrease behavior.
#16
Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule