#1
Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity in research?
Selection bias
Testing effect
Maturation
Regression toward the mean
#2
Which of the following is NOT a type of validity in research?
Construct validity
Convergent validity
Predictive validity
Content validity
#3
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of bias in research?
Sampling bias
Experimenter bias
Observer bias
Standardization bias
#4
In research, what does the term 'reliability' refer to?
The consistency of results across different populations
The extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure
The consistency of results when the study is repeated
The accuracy of the conclusions drawn from the study
#5
What is the term for the tendency of participants in a study to try to guess what the researcher is looking for and alter their behavior accordingly?
Observer bias
Hawthorne effect
Demand characteristics
Experimenter bias
#6
What type of validity assesses whether the results of a study can be generalized to other contexts?
External validity
Internal validity
Construct validity
Content validity
#7
In a research study, what does reliability refer to?
The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is supposed to measure
The consistency of results obtained over time with the same tool
The degree to which different researchers obtain similar results
The accuracy of the conclusions drawn from the research
#8
Which of the following is a potential threat to external validity?
Hawthorne effect
Regression toward the mean
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristics
#9
What is the term used to describe the extent to which a study accurately measures the variables it claims to measure?
Content validity
Criterion validity
Face validity
Construct validity
#10
What is the term for the tendency of participants to change their behavior because they are aware they are being observed?
Selection bias
Demand characteristics
Observer bias
Hawthorne effect
#11
Which of the following is a type of validity that refers to the extent to which a measurement tool appears to measure what it claims to measure?
Content validity
Face validity
Criterion validity
Construct validity
#12
Which of the following is a potential threat to construct validity?
History
Maturation
Instrumentation
Selection bias
#13
What is the purpose of using a control group in an experimental study?
To compare the experimental group with a baseline
To ensure that the experiment is conducted ethically
To control for confounding variables
To increase the generalizability of the results
#14
Which of the following is a method to enhance the internal validity of a research study?
Use a small sample size
Randomly assign participants to groups
Conduct the study in a naturalistic setting
Avoid blinding the participants
#15
Which of the following is a potential threat to internal validity related to the passage of time during a study?
Regression toward the mean
Maturation
Hawthorne effect
Demand characteristics
#16
Which of the following is a potential threat to internal validity that refers to changes occurring naturally over time, rather than as a result of the experimental manipulation?
History
Maturation
Regression toward the mean
Experimenter bias
#17
What is the term for the tendency of extreme scores on a variable to become less extreme over time, purely due to chance?
Regression toward the mean
Observer bias
Maturation
Confirmation bias