Which of the following is a threat to internal validity in experimental research?
Selection bias
Regression to the mean
Hawthorne effect
Observer bias
#2
What is the term used to describe the situation when participants change their behavior simply because they are being observed?
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristics
Placebo effect
Hawthorne effect
#3
Which of the following is a method to improve external validity in experimental research?
Random assignment
Placebo control
Replication
Blinding
#4
In experimental research, what is the term used to describe the extent to which results can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?
Internal validity
External validity
Construct validity
Statistical conclusion validity
#5
What is the term used to describe the situation where participants' scores naturally improve over time due to repeated testing?
Maturation
Regression to the mean
Testing effect
History effect
#6
Which of the following is a threat to construct validity in experimental research?
Observer bias
History effect
Instrumentation
Confounding variables
#7
In experimental research, what is the term used to describe the phenomenon where participants in the control group improve because they believe they are receiving treatment?
Placebo effect
Double-blind procedure
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristics
#8
Which of the following is a threat to statistical conclusion validity in experimental research?