#1
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
The height of participants in a study
The score on a memory test
The amount of caffeine consumed
The time taken to complete a puzzle
#2
What is the term for a measure that consistently yields the same result under consistent conditions?
Valid
Reliable
Generalizable
Ecologically valid
#3
In a cross-sectional study, how are data collected from participants?
Over an extended period of time
At a single point in time
Through in-depth interviews
Using experimental manipulations
#4
In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of which participants are in the control group and which are in the experimental group?
Only the participants
Only the researchers
Both the participants and the researchers
Neither the participants nor the researchers
#5
What type of variable is age in a study examining the relationship between age and memory performance?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Confounding variable
Extraneous variable
#6
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure equal representation of participants
To eliminate extraneous variables
To control for confounding variables
To increase external validity
#7
If a researcher wants to study the long-term effects of a new therapy, what type of research design would be most appropriate?
Cross-sectional study
Longitudinal study
Experimental study
Case-control study
#8
What is the purpose of counterbalancing in experimental design?
To ensure that all participants experience the same conditions
To control for order effects in repeated measures designs
To enhance participant blinding
To eliminate extraneous variables
#9
Which of the following is NOT a type of validity in psychological research?
Internal validity
External validity
Construct validity
Temporal validity
#10
A researcher wants to study the effects of temperature on aggression. In this study, temperature is the:
Control group
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Confounding variable
#11
In an experiment, what is the role of a placebo?
To manipulate the independent variable
To simulate the effects of the independent variable
To serve as the dependent variable
To enhance participant blinding
#12
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Randomized controlled trial
Cross-sectional study
Nonequivalent control group design
Case study
#13
What is the main advantage of using a factorial design in psychological research?
Increased internal validity
Reduced demand characteristics
Ability to examine interactions between variables
Simplified data analysis