#1
Who is most associated with the theory of operant conditioning?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#2
What is the key principle of classical conditioning, as developed by Ivan Pavlov?
Positive reinforcement
Association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning
#3
What psychological concept is illustrated by the 'Bobo doll experiment' conducted by Albert Bandura?
Classical conditioning
Existential crisis
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
#4
Which psychologist is known for the Little Albert experiment, demonstrating that fears can be conditioned?
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
#5
Which concept explains learning by watching others and imitating their actions?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Unconditioned response
#6
What does the term 'reinforcement' in the context of operant conditioning refer to?
Punishing undesirable behaviors
Introducing a stimulus to decrease a behavior
Any event that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behavior
Removing a stimulus to decrease a behavior
#7
Which of the following best describes 'self-efficacy' as proposed by Albert Bandura?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
The innate personalities we are born with
The outcome of classical conditioning experiments
The response to external stimuli without conscious thought
#8
In the context of behaviorism, what is the term for the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desirable consequence?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Extinction
#9
According to B.F. Skinner, what is a 'skinner box'?
A device used to measure brain activity
A controlled environment for studying operant conditioning in animals
A tool for psychoanalytic therapy
A concept in observational learning
#10
Which term refers to the process of gradually shaping and reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior?
Discrimination
Modeling
Shaping
Generalization
#11
According to the behavioral perspective, personality development is primarily influenced by
Inherited genetic structures
Unconscious motivations and early childhood experiences
Interactions with the environment and learning
Fixed and unchangeable traits present at birth
#12
According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, what plays a crucial role in learning from observing others?
Mirror neurons
Instinctive reflexes
Unconscious desires
Cognitive processes
#13
According to behaviorism, what is the role of genetics in personality development?
Genetics plays a minimal role; behavior is solely shaped by environmental factors
Genetics is the primary determinant of personality traits
Genetics and environmental factors interact to influence personality
Genetics has no impact on personality
#14
According to B.F. Skinner, what is the significance of 'schedules of reinforcement'?
They determine the timing of reinforcement in classical conditioning
They influence the likelihood and rate of operant conditioning
They are related to the concept of observational learning
They are irrelevant in behaviorism
#15
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'conditioned emotional responses'?
John B. Watson
Sigmund Freud
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
#16
What does the concept of 'self-regulation' refer to in the context of social cognitive theory?
The ability to control one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals
The process of adopting the behaviors of others through observation
The use of reinforcement and punishment to manage behavior
The inherent ability to resist external influences