#1
Who is most associated with the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationOperant conditioning pioneer
#2
What is the key principle of classical conditioning, as developed by Ivan Pavlov?
Association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
ExplanationLinking neutral and unconditioned stimuli
#3
What psychological concept is illustrated by the 'Bobo doll experiment' conducted by Albert Bandura?
Observational learning
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation
#4
Which psychologist is known for the Little Albert experiment, demonstrating that fears can be conditioned?
John B. Watson
ExplanationConditioning of fear responses in a child
#5
Which concept explains learning by watching others and imitating their actions?
Observational learning
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation
#6
What does the term 'reinforcement' in the context of operant conditioning refer to?
Any event that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behavior
ExplanationStrengthens behaviors
#7
Which of the following best describes 'self-efficacy' as proposed by Albert Bandura?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
ExplanationBelief in personal capability
#8
In the context of behaviorism, what is the term for the process of weakening a behavior by removing a desirable consequence?
Extinction
ExplanationWeakening behavior through lack of reinforcement
#9
According to B.F. Skinner, what is a 'skinner box'?
A controlled environment for studying operant conditioning in animals
ExplanationExperimental apparatus for studying behavior
#10
Which term refers to the process of gradually shaping and reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing successive approximations of a behavior
#11
According to the behavioral perspective, personality development is primarily influenced by
Interactions with the environment and learning
ExplanationEnvironmental interactions shape personality
#12
According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, what plays a crucial role in learning from observing others?
Cognitive processes
ExplanationMental processes involved in observational learning
#13
According to behaviorism, what is the role of genetics in personality development?
Genetics plays a minimal role; behavior is solely shaped by environmental factors
ExplanationEnvironment as primary factor in personality development
#14
According to B.F. Skinner, what is the significance of 'schedules of reinforcement'?
They influence the likelihood and rate of operant conditioning
ExplanationTiming and frequency of reinforcement affect learning
#15
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'conditioned emotional responses'?
John B. Watson
ExplanationAssociation of emotional responses with conditioned stimuli
#16
What does the concept of 'self-regulation' refer to in the context of social cognitive theory?
The ability to control one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals
ExplanationControl over behavior, emotions, and thoughts for goal attainment