#1
Which of the following is NOT a type of virus?
Adenovirus
Influenza virus
Bacteria
HIV
#2
What is the primary function of a virus?
To replicate inside a host cell
To produce antibodies
To repair damaged cells
To provide energy to the host cell
#3
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
They can reproduce independently
They contain genetic material
They require a host cell to replicate
They can cause diseases
#4
What is the term for the protein coat surrounding the viral genome?
Capsule
Membrane
Envelope
Capsid
#5
Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of viral replication?
Attachment
Integration
Maturation
Release
#6
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Virion
Prion
Virophage
#7
Which of the following is a typical viral replication cycle?
Lytic cycle
Meiotic cycle
Mitotic cycle
Binary fission cycle
#8
Which enzyme is essential for retroviral replication?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Ligase
#9
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of viral entry into host cells?
Endocytosis
Fusion with cell membrane
Direct injection of genetic material
Exocytosis
#10
What is the function of viral integrase in the retroviral life cycle?
To transcribe viral RNA into DNA
To integrate viral DNA into the host genome
To produce viral proteins
To degrade host cell DNA
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
Single-stranded DNA genome
DNA replication
Reverse transcription
Lack of envelope
#12
What is the role of viral protease in the replication of certain viruses?
To translate viral RNA into protein
To cleave viral proteins into functional units
To degrade host cell DNA
To integrate viral DNA into the host genome
#13
What is the function of a viral capsid?
To aid in attachment to host cells
To assist in viral replication
To protect the viral genome
To facilitate viral assembly
#14
Which viral replication strategy involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome?
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Budding
Endocytosis
#15
Which viral replication strategy involves the assembly of new virus particles within the host cell?
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Budding
Fusion
#16
Which of the following is a method used by viruses to evade the host immune response?
Increased production of interferons
Downregulation of host cell receptors
Activation of cytotoxic T cells
Enhancement of antigen presentation
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of DNA viruses?
They replicate in the host cell cytoplasm
Their genomes are always single-stranded
They use RNA polymerase for replication
They can integrate their genome into the host chromosome