#1
Which theory suggests that behavior is motivated by a desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs?
Expectancy theory
Drive-reduction theory
Self-determination theory
Equity theory
#2
Who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs theory?
Frederick Herzberg
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
Edward Deci
#3
Which of the following is a primary focus of Goal Setting Theory?
Satisfying basic psychological needs
Setting specific and challenging goals
Balancing equity within teams
Reducing physiological drives
#4
Which psychological need, according to Self-Determination Theory, involves feeling effective in one's interactions with the environment?
Autonomy
Relatedness
Competence
Power
#5
Who proposed the Theory of Operant Conditioning, which focuses on the consequences of behavior?
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
Frederick Herzberg
Clayton Alderfer
#6
According to Self-Determination Theory, which of the following is NOT considered an innate psychological need?
Competence
Autonomy
Power
Relatedness
#7
What does the Expectancy Theory of motivation primarily focus on?
Biological needs
The fairness of work outcomes and inputs
The relationship between effort, performance, and outcome
The intrinsic satisfaction derived from the work itself
#8
What concept is central to Bandura's Social Learning Theory in the context of motivation?
Hierarchy of needs
Operant conditioning
Self-efficacy
Two-factor hygiene and motivators
#9
Which theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement in motivation?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory
#10
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which level includes the need for self-esteem, confidence, and achievement?
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Esteem needs
#11
In the context of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factor is considered a 'Hygiene' factor?
Achievement
Recognition
Salary
Work itself
#12
In Equity Theory, individuals are motivated to restore equity when they perceive which of the following?
Their outcomes are greater than their inputs
Their outcomes are less than their inputs
A lack of challenging goals
An overabundance of autonomy
#13
According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which factor determines the belief that one's effort will result in performance?
Valence
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Reinforcement
#14
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a combination of internal and external factors, and it includes the concepts of autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Expectancy Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Equity Theory
Goal Setting Theory
#15
What principle does the Overjustification Effect illustrate in the realm of motivation?
People are more motivated by internal desires than by external rewards
External rewards can sometimes decrease a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are always aligned
Overcompensating individuals for tasks can increase their motivation