#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of experimental research?
High level of control over variables
In-depth understanding of natural behavior
Observational approach
Subjective interpretation
#2
What does the term 'random assignment' refer to in psychological research?
Assigning participants to experimental conditions in a random manner
Selecting only participants who volunteer
Allowing participants to choose their own conditions
Assigning participants based on their age
#3
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To receive the experimental treatment
To provide a baseline for comparison
To analyze data after the experiment
To ensure ethical guidelines are followed
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-experimental research design?
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Experimental research
Case study
#5
Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study?
A study that collects data from different groups of participants at the same time
A study that follows the same group of participants over an extended period
A study that observes behavior in a natural setting
A study that manipulates variables to observe their effects
#6
What is the purpose of debriefing in psychological research involving human participants?
To deceive participants about the true nature of the study
To provide participants with feedback on their performance
To inform participants about the goals and procedures of the study
To recruit participants for future studies
#7
Which statistical measure assesses the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables?
Standard deviation
Correlation coefficient
T-test
ANOVA
#8
In a double-blind procedure, who among the following is unaware of which participants are in the control group and which are in the experimental group?
Only the participants
Only the researchers
Both the participants and the researchers
Only the control group
#9
What does the term 'reliability' refer to in psychological measurement?
Consistency of results over time
Ability to generalize findings to the population
Accuracy of measurement
Validity of the research design
#10
Which research method is best suited for investigating cause-and-effect relationships?
Observational study
Survey research
Experimental study
Case study
#11
Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?
The tendency for researchers to see what they expect to see
The tendency for participants to behave in a socially desirable way
The tendency for participants to improve simply because they believe they are receiving treatment
The tendency for researchers to unintentionally influence the results of a study
#12
What is the main advantage of using a random sample in survey research?
It ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included
It allows researchers to manipulate variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships
It provides detailed information about a small group of individuals
It eliminates the need for informed consent from participants
#13
What is a confounding variable in psychological research?
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher
A variable that interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
A variable that is measured to assess its relationship with the dependent variable
A variable that represents the characteristics of the sample
#14
What is a quasi-experimental design?
An experimental design with a small sample size
A research design that lacks a control group
A research design where participants are not randomly assigned to groups
An experimental design with a high level of control over variables
#15
In an observational study, what is the role of the researcher?
To manipulate variables and observe their effects
To actively intervene and control the behavior of participants
To passively observe and record behavior in a natural setting
To conduct surveys and collect self-report data
#16
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific research?
To summarize research findings
To provide a tentative explanation for observed phenomena
To manipulate variables to observe their effects
To ensure that research is conducted ethically
#17
What is the purpose of statistical significance testing in psychological research?
To determine whether the results are meaningful or due to chance
To calculate the mean and standard deviation of the data
To identify the variables that are correlated with each other
To ensure that the sample is representative of the population