#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of experimental research?
Manipulation of variables
Observation without interference
Correlational analysis only
Qualitative data collection
#2
What is the primary advantage of experimental research?
Provides insights into cause-and-effect relationships
Produces large amounts of data quickly
Requires fewer resources compared to other methods
Allows for naturalistic observation
#3
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
Test scores
Participant's age
Gender
Time spent studying
#4
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To provide a baseline for comparison
To manipulate independent variables
To ensure the validity of qualitative data
To eliminate confounding variables
#5
What is the purpose of random sampling in experimental research?
To ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
To select participants based on specific characteristics
To control for confounding variables
To ensure that the sample is representative of the population
#6
What is the purpose of a pretest in experimental research?
To measure the dependent variable before the manipulation of the independent variable
To manipulate the independent variable before measuring the dependent variable
To randomly assign participants to different experimental conditions
To control for confounding variables
#7
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of experimental research?
Limited control over variables
Difficulty in replicating results
Subjectivity in data interpretation
High external validity
#8
What is a placebo in experimental research?
A control group receiving no treatment
A treatment that has no therapeutic effect
A double-blind procedure
A confounding variable
#9
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher
A variable that has no effect on the outcome of the study
A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables
A variable that is measured using qualitative methods
#10
Which of the following is an example of a true experimental design?
Observational study
Case study
Pretest-posttest control group design
Survey research
#11
What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?
Dependent variables cause changes in independent variables, while independent variables are influenced by dependent variables.
Dependent variables are manipulated by researchers, while independent variables are measured as outcomes.
Dependent variables are measured as outcomes, while independent variables are manipulated by researchers.
Dependent variables are always qualitative, while independent variables are always quantitative.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a between-subjects design?
Repeated measures design
Independent groups design
Matched pairs design
Factorial design
#13
In experimental research, what is the purpose of random assignment?
To ensure that the experiment is ethical
To eliminate bias in group selection
To control for extraneous variables
To increase the generalizability of results
#14
What is the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental research?
Experimental research involves manipulation of variables, while quasi-experimental research does not.
Quasi-experimental research is more reliable than experimental research.
Experimental research uses non-random sampling, while quasi-experimental research uses random sampling.
Experimental research is only conducted in controlled laboratory settings.
#15
What is a within-subjects design in experimental research?
A design where participants are randomly assigned to different conditions
A design where each participant is exposed to all experimental conditions
A design where participants are matched based on specific characteristics
A design where participants are unaware of the purpose of the study
#16
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To test the feasibility of the research design
To provide preliminary data for statistical analysis
To determine the sample size for the main study
To recruit participants for the main study
#17
Which of the following is an example of a factorial design?
A study examining the effects of caffeine on memory in young adults
A study comparing two different teaching methods on student performance
A study investigating the effects of both gender and age on job satisfaction
A study comparing the IQ scores of identical twins raised apart
#18
What is a covariate in experimental research?
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher
A variable that is measured to control for potential confounding effects
A variable that is measured using qualitative methods
A variable that is only relevant in observational studies