#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of experimental research?
Manipulation of variables
ExplanationDirectly altering factors to observe effects.
#2
What is the primary advantage of experimental research?
Provides insights into cause-and-effect relationships
ExplanationHelps understand direct causal connections.
#3
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?
Time spent studying
ExplanationVariable under manipulation by researchers.
#4
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationServes as a standard for evaluating effects.
#5
What is the purpose of random sampling in experimental research?
To ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
ExplanationProvides unbiased representation from the population.
#6
What is the purpose of a pretest in experimental research?
To measure the dependent variable before the manipulation of the independent variable
ExplanationEstablishes baseline measurements before intervention.
#7
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of experimental research?
Limited control over variables
ExplanationConstraints on managing all influencing factors.
#8
What is a placebo in experimental research?
A treatment that has no therapeutic effect
ExplanationA simulated treatment devoid of actual efficacy.
#9
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables
ExplanationA factor affecting both cause and outcome.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a true experimental design?
Pretest-posttest control group design
ExplanationIncludes random assignment and control group.
#11
What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?
Dependent variables are measured as outcomes, while independent variables are manipulated by researchers.
ExplanationDependent shows effects, independent gets manipulated.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a between-subjects design?
Independent groups design
ExplanationDifferent subjects assigned to different conditions.
#13
In experimental research, what is the purpose of random assignment?
To eliminate bias in group selection
ExplanationMinimizing bias by assigning subjects randomly.
#14
What is the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental research?
Experimental research involves manipulation of variables, while quasi-experimental research does not.
ExplanationDirect manipulation distinguishes experimental.
#15
What is a within-subjects design in experimental research?
A design where each participant is exposed to all experimental conditions
ExplanationSubjects undergo all experimental phases.
#16
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To test the feasibility of the research design
ExplanationEvaluates viability and potential issues.
#17
Which of the following is an example of a factorial design?
A study investigating the effects of both gender and age on job satisfaction
ExplanationExamines multiple variables and their interactions.
#18
What is a covariate in experimental research?
A variable that is measured to control for potential confounding effects
ExplanationVariable measured to counteract confounding.