#1
What is a stereotype?
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
A scientific theory.
A religious belief.
A mathematical equation.
#2
What is the primary difference between a stereotype and a prejudice?
Stereotypes are based on individual experiences, while prejudices are not.
Prejudices involve emotions and attitudes, while stereotypes involve beliefs and characteristics.
Stereotypes are always negative, while prejudices can be positive or negative.
There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable.
#3
What is one way to reduce the impact of stereotypes and prejudices?
Avoiding contact with people who are different from oneself.
Increasing exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences.
Embracing stereotypes as harmless jokes.
Encouraging conformity to societal norms.
#4
Which theory suggests that stereotypes are the result of cognitive shortcuts used to process information efficiently?
Social cognitive theory
Stereotype threat theory
Social identity theory
Social categorization theory
#5
What is the difference between explicit and implicit stereotypes?
Explicit stereotypes are conscious and openly expressed, while implicit stereotypes are unconscious and may operate without awareness.
Explicit stereotypes are about oneself, while implicit stereotypes are about others.
Explicit stereotypes are positive, while implicit stereotypes are negative.
There is no difference; both terms refer to the same concept.
#6
Which factor can contribute to the formation of stereotypes?
Genetic predisposition
Cultural influences
Individual experiences
All of the above
#7
What is the role of media in perpetuating stereotypes?
To challenge stereotypes and promote diversity.
To reinforce stereotypes through biased portrayals.
To educate people about the harmful effects of stereotypes.
To eliminate stereotypes entirely from society.
#8
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice involves thoughts and feelings, while discrimination involves actions.
Prejudice is intentional, while discrimination is unintentional.
Prejudice is positive, while discrimination is negative.
There is no difference; both terms refer to the same concept.
#9
What is the 'confirmation bias'?
The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs or stereotypes.
The tendency to seek information that challenges existing beliefs or stereotypes.
The tendency to ignore information that is irrelevant to existing beliefs or stereotypes.
The tendency to accept all information regardless of its relevance to existing beliefs or stereotypes.
#10
What is the 'contact hypothesis'?
The idea that increased contact between members of different groups will always lead to reduced prejudice.
The belief that contact between members of different groups always leads to increased prejudice.
The theory that contact between members of different groups can reduce prejudice under certain conditions, such as equal status and cooperation.
The notion that contact between members of different groups has no effect on prejudice.
#11
What is the 'ingroup bias'?
The tendency to favor members of one's own group over members of other groups.
The tendency to favor members of other groups over members of one's own group.
The tendency to remain neutral when it comes to ingroup and outgroup members.
The tendency to avoid interaction with both ingroup and outgroup members.
#12
What is the role of intergroup conflicts in the formation of stereotypes and prejudices?
Intergroup conflicts have no impact on stereotypes and prejudices.
Intergroup conflicts can exacerbate stereotypes and prejudices by intensifying ingroup-outgroup distinctions.
Intergroup conflicts always lead to the elimination of stereotypes and prejudices.
Intergroup conflicts only affect individuals who are directly involved and do not influence stereotypes and prejudices.
#13
What is the 'halo effect'?
The tendency to attribute negative qualities to individuals based on a single negative trait.
The tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person and subsequently attribute other positive qualities to them.
The belief that one's own group is inherently superior to all other groups.
The tendency to judge individuals based solely on their appearance without considering other factors.
#14
What is the difference between stereotype and archetype?
Stereotype refers to a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing, whereas archetype refers to a typical example of a certain person or thing.
Stereotype and archetype are interchangeable terms.
Stereotype is a positive portrayal, while archetype is a negative portrayal.
There is no difference; both terms refer to the same concept.
#15
What is the 'stereotype content model'?
A theory proposing that stereotypes are formed based on two dimensions: warmth and competence.
A model suggesting that stereotypes are solely based on individual experiences.
A model arguing that stereotypes are genetically determined.
A theory proposing that stereotypes are formed based on physical appearance alone.
#16
How does socialization contribute to the development of stereotypes and prejudices?
Socialization plays no role in the development of stereotypes and prejudices.
Socialization reinforces existing stereotypes and prejudices through exposure to biased information and cultural norms.
Socialization actively challenges stereotypes and prejudices by promoting critical thinking and empathy.
Socialization leads to the complete elimination of stereotypes and prejudices.
#17
What is stereotype threat?
The fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about one's group.
The belief that one's group is superior to others.
The tendency to conform to stereotypes to fit in with one's group.
The feeling of pride associated with one's cultural identity.
#18
What is the 'outgroup homogeneity effect'?
The tendency to see members of one's own group as more diverse than members of other groups.
The belief that all members of an outgroup are the same.
The tendency to view one's ingroup as superior to all other groups.
The fear of being negatively stereotyped by others.
#19
How can intergroup contact theory be applied to reduce stereotypes?
By increasing contact between members of different groups under specific conditions, such as equal status and common goals.
By segregating groups to prevent conflicts.
By reinforcing existing stereotypes through media representation.
By encouraging competition between groups.
#20
What is the 'ultimate attribution error'?
The tendency to attribute positive actions of ingroup members to internal factors and negative actions to external factors.
The tendency to attribute positive actions of outgroup members to internal factors and negative actions to external factors.
The tendency to attribute positive actions of outgroup members to external factors and negative actions to internal factors.
The tendency to attribute positive actions of ingroup members to external factors and negative actions to internal factors.
#21
Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?
An individual making derogatory remarks about a particular group.
A company implementing policies that systematically disadvantage a particular group.
A person refusing to sit next to someone from a different cultural background.
A student forming a negative opinion about a classmate based on stereotypes.
#22
What is the difference between individual and systemic discrimination?
Individual discrimination is intentional and systemic discrimination is unintentional.
Individual discrimination occurs on a personal level, while systemic discrimination is embedded within social institutions.
Individual discrimination is legal, while systemic discrimination is illegal.
There is no difference; both terms refer to the same concept.
#23
What is the 'scapegoat theory'?
The belief that individuals who are successful must have worked harder than others.
The tendency to blame individuals or groups for negative events, thus providing a target for one's anger.
The tendency to attribute one's own successes to external factors and failures to internal factors.
The idea that individuals should be held accountable for their actions regardless of external circumstances.
#24
What is the 'self-fulfilling prophecy'?
The tendency to attribute one's own successes to external factors and failures to internal factors.
The belief that individuals who are successful must have worked harder than others.
The process by which stereotypes lead individuals to behave in ways that confirm the stereotypes.
The idea that individuals should be held accountable for their actions regardless of external circumstances.
#25
How does the 'illusory correlation' contribute to the formation of stereotypes?
By leading people to see relationships between events or characteristics that are not actually related.
By reinforcing positive perceptions of outgroup members.
By promoting empathy and understanding between ingroup and outgroup members.
By erasing distinctions between different groups.