#1
Which of the following is a key factor in attitude formation?
Genetics
Situational factors
Heritage
Economic status
#2
What is the mere exposure effect in attitude formation?
The tendency to like something more as it becomes more familiar
The preference for novel stimuli
The influence of social norms on attitudes
The impact of strong emotional experiences
#3
According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, what is the primary way individuals resolve conflicting attitudes or beliefs?
By ignoring the inconsistency
By changing their behavior to align with their attitudes
By seeking additional information to support their beliefs
By suppressing their attitudes
#4
What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in attitude formation?
The tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions
The tendency to adjust one's attitudes based on social feedback
The influence of emotional anchors on attitude formation
The adjustment of attitudes based on new and relevant information
#5
What is the sleeper effect in persuasion?
The tendency for initially discounted information to become more persuasive over time
The immediate impact of a persuasive message
The influence of emotional appeals on attitude change
The resistance of an attitude to change
#6
What is the central route in the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion?
The route that focuses on peripheral cues
The route that involves deep processing of information
The route that relies on heuristics
The route that uses emotional appeals
#7
According to the theory of planned behavior, what are the three determinants of behavioral intention?
Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control
Attitude, motivation, and skills
Perception, social pressure, and cognitive dissonance
Expectancy, value, and self-efficacy
#8
According to the Yale Model of Persuasion, what are the three components of a persuasive message?
Source, message, and audience
Ethos, logos, and pathos
Attention, interest, and desire
Credibility, emotion, and reason
#9
What is the key difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?
Explicit attitudes are consciously held, while implicit attitudes are unconscious
Explicit attitudes are related to behavior, while implicit attitudes are not
Implicit attitudes are more stable over time than explicit attitudes
Explicit attitudes are more susceptible to social influence than implicit attitudes
#10
What is the concept of attitude accessibility?
The ease with which an attitude comes to mind
The intensity of an attitude
The resistance of an attitude to change
The consistency of an attitude across situations
#11
In social psychology, what is the term for the process by which people form impressions of others based on social cues and categories?
Social comparison
Social perception
Social facilitation
Social influence
#12
Which concept refers to the tendency for individuals to adjust their attitudes or behaviors to align with the group consensus?
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Conformity
Normative influence
#13
In the context of cognitive dissonance theory, what is the term for the psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance
Confirmation dissonance
Cognitive discomfort
#14
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistency between their beliefs and behaviors?
Social identity theory
Balance theory
Self-perception theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
#15
What is the concept of self-monitoring in the context of attitude-behavior consistency?
The tendency to adjust behavior to match the perceived expectations of others
The ability to regulate one's emotional responses
The influence of group norms on behavior
The consistency between explicit and implicit attitudes
#16
What role does perceived behavioral control play in the theory of planned behavior?
It influences the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior
It represents the social norms associated with a behavior
It captures the emotional aspect of behavioral intentions
It measures the cognitive dissonance in decision-making
#17
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of automatic and controlled processes in attitude formation and change?
Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)
Dual-process model
Social identity theory
Balance theory