#1
Which of the following is a key factor in attitude formation?
Situational factors
ExplanationAttitude formation is influenced by external circumstances and surroundings.
#2
What is the mere exposure effect in attitude formation?
The tendency to like something more as it becomes more familiar
ExplanationMere exposure effect leads to increased liking as familiarity with something grows.
#3
According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, what is the primary way individuals resolve conflicting attitudes or beliefs?
By changing their behavior to align with their attitudes
ExplanationResolving cognitive dissonance often involves aligning behavior with existing attitudes.
#4
What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic in attitude formation?
The tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions
ExplanationAnchoring and adjustment heuristic involves relying on initial information when making decisions.
#5
What is the sleeper effect in persuasion?
The tendency for initially discounted information to become more persuasive over time
ExplanationThe sleeper effect sees initially discounted information gaining persuasion over time.
#6
What is the central route in the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion?
The route that involves deep processing of information
ExplanationCentral route in ELM focuses on thorough information processing for persuasion.
#7
According to the theory of planned behavior, what are the three determinants of behavioral intention?
Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control
ExplanationBehavioral intention is shaped by one's attitude, perceived social norm, and perceived control over the behavior.
#8
According to the Yale Model of Persuasion, what are the three components of a persuasive message?
Source, message, and audience
ExplanationYale Model identifies source, message, and audience as key components of persuasive communication.
#9
What is the key difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?
Explicit attitudes are consciously held, while implicit attitudes are unconscious
ExplanationExplicit attitudes are consciously acknowledged, while implicit attitudes operate at an unconscious level.
#10
What is the concept of attitude accessibility?
The ease with which an attitude comes to mind
ExplanationAttitude accessibility refers to how readily an attitude comes to mind.
#11
In social psychology, what is the term for the process by which people form impressions of others based on social cues and categories?
Social perception
ExplanationSocial perception involves forming impressions based on social cues and categories.
#12
According to the social cognitive theory, what role does observational learning play in attitude formation?
It shapes attitudes through modeling behavior
ExplanationObservational learning in social cognitive theory influences attitudes by modeling behavior.
#13
What is the concept of attitude strength?
The intensity of an attitude
ExplanationAttitude strength refers to the intensity or depth of an individual's attitude.
#14
According to the concept of reactance, how do individuals respond when they perceive their freedom is being restricted?
They resist and try to restore their freedom
ExplanationReactance involves resisting and attempting to regain freedom when perceived as restricted.
#15
What is the fundamental attribution error in social psychology?
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors
ExplanationFundamental attribution error is the inclination to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics.
#16
Which concept refers to the tendency for individuals to adjust their attitudes or behaviors to align with the group consensus?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity involves aligning attitudes or behaviors with group consensus.
#17
In the context of cognitive dissonance theory, what is the term for the psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationCognitive dissonance is the discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#18
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistency between their beliefs and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory posits that individuals seek consistency between beliefs and behaviors.
#19
What is the concept of self-monitoring in the context of attitude-behavior consistency?
The tendency to adjust behavior to match the perceived expectations of others
ExplanationSelf-monitoring involves adjusting behavior to align with perceived social expectations.
#20
What role does perceived behavioral control play in the theory of planned behavior?
It influences the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior
ExplanationPerceived behavioral control affects the ease or difficulty of executing a behavior in the theory of planned behavior.
#21
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of automatic and controlled processes in attitude formation and change?
Dual-process model
ExplanationThe dual-process model highlights both automatic and controlled processes in attitude formation and change.
#22
In the context of the theory of planned behavior, how does subjective norm influence behavioral intentions?
It represents the individual's beliefs about the social pressure to perform or not perform the behavior
ExplanationSubjective norm in the theory of planned behavior reflects beliefs about social pressure on behavior.
#23
What is the concept of cognitive consistency in social psychology?
The desire to maintain harmony among cognitions
ExplanationCognitive consistency involves a desire to maintain harmony among one's cognitions or beliefs.
#24
According to the theory of reasoned action, what is the key determinant of behavioral intention?
Attitude
ExplanationIn the theory of reasoned action, attitude is the primary determinant of behavioral intention.
#25
What is the role of implicit attitudes in predicting behavior?
They are weaker predictors compared to explicit attitudes
ExplanationImplicit attitudes have less predictive power compared to explicit attitudes in forecasting behavior.