#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research hypothesis?
Vagueness
Specificity
Ambiguity
Complexity
#2
Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
Survey
Experiment
Observation
Meta-analysis
#3
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable being measured
The variable manipulated by the researcher
The variable that changes in response to the independent variable
The constant variable
#4
What is the purpose of a research proposal?
To report research findings
To outline the steps of statistical analysis
To plan and justify a research study
To recruit participants
#5
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To receive the experimental treatment
To provide a baseline for comparison
To control external variables
To observe natural behaviors
#6
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Variance
Standard Deviation
Mean
Range
#7
What is the purpose of a double-blind study in research?
To prevent participant bias
To conceal the hypothesis from researchers
To prevent experimenter bias
To ensure random assignment
#8
Which type of research design involves studying a single individual or case in-depth over an extended period?
Cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Case study design
Experimental design
#9
In a correlational study, what does a correlation coefficient of -0.70 indicate?
A weak negative relationship
A strong negative relationship
No relationship
A weak positive relationship
#10
Which of the following is a potential ethical concern in research involving human participants?
Deception
Random assignment
Statistical analysis
Control group
#11
Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Systematic sampling
#12
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Randomized controlled trial
Pretest-posttest design
Factorial design
Cross-sectional design
#13
In a factorial design, how many independent variables are manipulated?
One
Two or more
None
Depends on the specific design
#14
In an observational study, what is the role of the researcher?
To manipulate the independent variable
To actively intervene in the environment
To passively observe without interference
To control for selection bias
#15
Which of the following is a common measure of effect size in experimental research?
p-value
Cohen's d
Chi-square
ANOVA
#16
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental design?
To ensure equal group sizes
To eliminate bias in group assignment
To control for confounding variables
To increase external validity
#17
In a within-subjects design, participants experience:
Only the experimental condition
Both the experimental and control conditions
Only the control condition
None of the above
#18
What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research?
To analyze data
To approve research proposals
To recruit participants
To design experiments
#19
What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?
To gather initial data
To conduct a large-scale experiment
To test the statistical analysis
To report findings to the public
#20
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To enhance the effectiveness of the experimental treatment
To deceive participants about the nature of the study
To serve as the independent variable
To control for placebo effects
#21
What is the purpose of random sampling in research?
To ensure equal group sizes
To increase external validity
To control for confounding variables
To eliminate experimenter bias
#22
What is the purpose of a crossover design in experimental research?
To compare multiple groups simultaneously
To eliminate carryover effects
To randomize participants into different conditions
To control for order effects
#23
What is the purpose of a debriefing session in psychological research?
To provide participants with additional compensation
To disclose the true nature and purpose of the study
To collect demographic information
To randomize participants
#24
What is the purpose of triangulation in research?
To select a representative sample
To analyze data using statistical methods
To use multiple methods to enhance validity
To control for confounding variables
#25
Which of the following is a potential threat to internal validity in experimental research?
Demand characteristics
External validity
Hawthorne effect
Random assignment