#1
In the context of DNA sequencing, what does the term 'de novo sequencing' refer to?
Sequencing a known reference genome
Sequencing a novel genome without a reference
Sequencing mitochondrial DNA
Sequencing RNA molecules
#2
What is the purpose of incorporating fluorescent dyes or tags in DNA sequencing?
To enhance the taste of DNA samples
To visualize DNA under a microscope
To label DNA fragments for detection
To preserve DNA integrity
#3
Which enzyme is commonly used in the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) step of DNA sequencing?
DNA ligase
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
#4
Which method is commonly used for DNA sequencing?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Mass Spectrometry
Electrophoresis
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
#5
What is the primary function of DNA polymerase in the context of DNA sequencing?
Catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds
Separate DNA strands
Amplify DNA segments
Read the DNA sequence
#6
Which of the following is a key component in the process of DNA denaturation during sequencing?
RNA polymerase
Helicase
DNA ligase
Topoisomerase
#7
In DNA sequencing, what does the term 'base calling' refer to?
Determining the order of nucleotide bases in a sequence
Labeling DNA bases with fluorescent tags
Isolating individual DNA bases
Removing low-quality sequencing reads
#8
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project (HGP) in the history of DNA sequencing?
It developed the Sanger sequencing method
It completed the first human genome sequence
It introduced next-generation sequencing
It discovered the structure of DNA
#9
What is the role of adapters in the library preparation step of DNA sequencing?
Amplify DNA segments
Ligate DNA fragments to form a library
Denature DNA strands
Detect fluorescent signals
#10
Which sequencing technique relies on the detection of fluorescently labeled nucleotides?
Sanger sequencing
Shotgun sequencing
PacBio sequencing
Oxford Nanopore sequencing
#11
What is the advantage of long-read sequencing technologies in comparison to short-read sequencing?
Higher accuracy
Lower cost
Ability to span repetitive regions
Faster sequencing speed
#12
Which sequencing platform is known for its single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology?
Illumina
PacBio
454 Life Sciences
SOLiD
#13
What is the primary advantage of shotgun sequencing over Sanger sequencing?
Higher accuracy
Faster sequencing speed
Ability to sequence longer fragments
Lower cost per base
#14
Which type of sequencing technology relies on passing DNA through nanopores for sequencing?
454 Life Sciences
Illumina
SOLiD
Oxford Nanopore sequencing
#15
In DNA sequencing, what is the purpose of quality control measures such as Phred scores?
To assess the purity of DNA samples
To measure the concentration of DNA
To evaluate the accuracy of sequencing results
To determine the GC content of DNA