#1
In the context of DNA sequencing, what does the term 'de novo sequencing' refer to?
Sequencing a novel genome without a reference
ExplanationDe novo sequencing involves sequencing a genome without the aid of a reference sequence.
#2
What is the purpose of incorporating fluorescent dyes or tags in DNA sequencing?
To label DNA fragments for detection
ExplanationFluorescent dyes or tags are used to label DNA fragments, aiding in their detection and identification.
#3
Which enzyme is commonly used in the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) step of DNA sequencing?
DNA polymerase
ExplanationDNA polymerase amplifies DNA segments during the PCR step of DNA sequencing.
#4
Which method is commonly used for DNA sequencing?
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
ExplanationNGS is a widely adopted method for DNA sequencing due to its high throughput and efficiency.
#5
What is the primary function of DNA polymerase in the context of DNA sequencing?
Catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds
ExplanationDNA polymerase catalyzes the bonding of nucleotides, forming the backbone of the DNA strand.
#6
Which of the following is a key component in the process of DNA denaturation during sequencing?
Helicase
ExplanationHelicase unwinds the DNA double helix, facilitating denaturation for sequencing.
#7
In DNA sequencing, what does the term 'base calling' refer to?
Determining the order of nucleotide bases in a sequence
ExplanationBase calling involves identifying the sequence of nucleotide bases from the raw data obtained during sequencing.
#8
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project (HGP) in the history of DNA sequencing?
It completed the first human genome sequence
ExplanationThe HGP marked a milestone by successfully sequencing the entire human genome for the first time.
#9
What is the role of adapters in the library preparation step of DNA sequencing?
Ligate DNA fragments to form a library
ExplanationAdapters are used to attach DNA fragments to surfaces, facilitating their amplification and sequencing.
#10
Which sequencing technique relies on the detection of fluorescently labeled nucleotides?
Sanger sequencing
ExplanationSanger sequencing utilizes fluorescently labeled nucleotides to determine the sequence of DNA fragments.
#11
What is the advantage of long-read sequencing technologies in comparison to short-read sequencing?
Ability to span repetitive regions
ExplanationLong-read sequencing can traverse repetitive regions of the genome, which is challenging for short-read sequencing.
#12
Which sequencing platform is known for its single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology?
PacBio
ExplanationPacBio sequencing utilizes SMRT technology, enabling single-molecule sequencing in real-time.
#13
What is the primary advantage of shotgun sequencing over Sanger sequencing?
Lower cost per base
ExplanationShotgun sequencing offers a lower cost per base compared to Sanger sequencing, making it more cost-effective for large-scale projects.
#14
Which type of sequencing technology relies on passing DNA through nanopores for sequencing?
Oxford Nanopore sequencing
ExplanationOxford Nanopore sequencing utilizes nanopores to sequence DNA molecules.
#15
In DNA sequencing, what is the purpose of quality control measures such as Phred scores?
To evaluate the accuracy of sequencing results
ExplanationPhred scores assess the quality of sequencing data, helping to ensure the accuracy of the results.