#1
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the desire to fulfill a hierarchy of needs?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Two-factor theory
Hierarchy of needs theory
Self-determination theory
#2
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can strive for higher-level needs?
Esteem needs
Belongingness and love needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
#3
Who proposed the Two-factor theory of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#4
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors?
Self-determination theory
Cognitive evaluation theory
Expectancy theory
Equity theory
#5
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Two-factor theory
Expectancy theory
Equity theory
#6
Who proposed the Equity theory of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
B.F. Skinner
J. Stacy Adams
#7
Who proposed the Goal-setting theory of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
B.F. Skinner
Edwin Locke
#8
Who proposed the Theory X and Theory Y of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Douglas McGregor
Clayton Alderfer
#9
According to Theory X, what is the primary assumption about employees' motivation?
They are inherently lazy and require close supervision
They seek self-actualization
They are motivated by higher-level needs
They are intrinsically motivated
#10
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the perception of fairness in social exchanges?
Two-factor theory
Equity theory
Self-determination theory
Expectancy theory
#11
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of goal-setting theory?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
Strategic, Meaningful, Ambitious, Reflective, Timely
Systematic, Manageable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Targeted
Structured, Motivating, Adaptable, Result-oriented, Task-focused
#12
Who proposed the Theory of Motivation-Hygiene?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
B.F. Skinner
Douglas McGregor
#13
According to the Theory of Motivation-Hygiene, which factors are related to job satisfaction?
Hygiene factors
Motivators
External rewards
Intrinsic factors
#14
Who proposed the Self-Efficacy theory?
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Albert Bandura
Douglas McGregor
#15
Who proposed the Achievement Motivation theory?
Abraham Maslow
David McClelland
B.F. Skinner
Douglas McGregor
#16
According to the Achievement Motivation theory, individuals with a high need for achievement are more likely to:
Avoid challenging tasks
Seek out tasks with moderate difficulty and a clear goal
Be content with low levels of success
Rely solely on external motivation
#17
Who proposed the Theory of Learned Helplessness?
Martin Seligman
Frederick Herzberg
B.F. Skinner
Douglas McGregor
#18
Who proposed the Theory of Self-Determination?
Abraham Maslow
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
B.F. Skinner
Douglas McGregor
#19
According to self-determination theory, what are the three innate psychological needs that foster intrinsic motivation?
Achievement, affiliation, and power
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Security, intimacy, and status
Extrinsic rewards, punishment, and recognition
#20
According to the Equity theory, what happens when individuals perceive inequity in their input-outcome ratios compared to others?
They decrease their effort
They increase their effort
They ignore the inequity
They confront the person causing the inequity
#21
According to the Goal-setting theory, which factor influences the strength of the relationship between goals and performance?
Goal specificity
Goal congruence
Goal difficulty
Goal feedback
#22
According to the Self-determination theory, which type of motivation involves engaging in an activity for its own sake because it is inherently satisfying?
Extrinsic motivation
Introjected motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Amotivation
#23
According to Self-Efficacy theory, what is self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
The belief in one's intrinsic motivation
The belief in external factors determining success
The belief in luck determining success
#24
According to the Theory of Learned Helplessness, individuals develop a sense of helplessness when they perceive:
Their efforts have no effect on outcomes
Their efforts always lead to success
Their efforts only lead to partial success
Their efforts are too challenging
#25
According to the Theory of Self-Determination, which type of motivation is associated with the highest level of well-being and performance?
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Amotivation
Introjected regulation