#1
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the desire to fulfill a hierarchy of needs?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationMotivation stems from fulfilling needs in a hierarchical order.
#2
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can strive for higher-level needs?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic physiological needs must be satisfied first for higher needs to be pursued.
#3
Who proposed the Two-factor theory of motivation?
Frederick Herzberg
ExplanationHerzberg proposed that motivation stems from two distinct factors: hygiene and motivators.
#4
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors?
Self-determination theory
ExplanationMotivation arises from intrinsic factors like autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as extrinsic factors.
#5
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence?
Expectancy theory
ExplanationMotivation is determined by the expectation of achieving a goal, the belief that effort leads to performance, and the perceived value of the outcome.
#6
Who proposed the Equity theory of motivation?
J. Stacy Adams
ExplanationAdams proposed that people are motivated when they perceive fairness in social exchanges.
#7
Who proposed the Goal-setting theory of motivation?
Edwin Locke
ExplanationLocke proposed that setting specific and challenging goals leads to higher performance.
#8
According to self-determination theory, what are the three innate psychological needs that foster intrinsic motivation?
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is fostered by fulfilling the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
#9
According to the Equity theory, what happens when individuals perceive inequity in their input-outcome ratios compared to others?
They decrease their effort
ExplanationEffort decreases when individuals perceive inequity in input-outcome ratios.
#10
According to the Goal-setting theory, which factor influences the strength of the relationship between goals and performance?
Goal specificity
ExplanationThe specificity of goals influences the relationship between goals and performance.
#11
According to the Self-determination theory, which type of motivation involves engaging in an activity for its own sake because it is inherently satisfying?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationEngagement in activities for their inherent satisfaction characterizes intrinsic motivation.
#12
According to Self-Efficacy theory, what is self-efficacy?
The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to succeed in specific tasks or situations.