Which of the following is a common legal challenge in the criminal justice system?
Racial profiling
Traffic violations
Library fines
Jaywalking
#2
What does the term 'wrongful conviction' refer to?
Conviction for a crime that wasn't committed
Conviction for a minor offense
Conviction without proper evidence
Conviction based on hearsay
#3
What is 'pro bono' legal work?
Legal work done by prosecutors
Legal work done for free or at reduced cost for those in need
Legal work done by judges
Legal work done by law enforcement
#4
What is the 'War on Drugs'?
A military conflict involving drug-producing countries
A global effort to eradicate drug trafficking
A series of policies and initiatives aimed at reducing illegal drug use and distribution
A legal battle between pharmaceutical companies over drug patents
#5
What is 'recidivism'?
The act of committing a crime for the first time
The act of committing a crime while under the influence of drugs
The tendency of convicted individuals to reoffend
The act of fleeing the scene of a crime
#6
Which U.S. constitutional amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
First Amendment
Second Amendment
Fourth Amendment
Fifth Amendment
#7
What is 'prosecutorial misconduct'?
Improper conduct by defense attorneys
Misbehavior by judges
Unethical behavior by prosecutors
Incompetence in court proceedings
#8
What is the 'presumption of innocence'?
The assumption that all individuals are guilty until proven innocent
The assumption that all individuals are innocent until proven guilty
The assumption that guilt is determined by social status
The assumption that only certain crimes warrant a trial
#9
What is 'jury nullification'?
The process of selecting jurors based on demographic factors
The ability of a jury to refuse to convict a defendant despite evidence of guilt
The manipulation of evidence by jurors to sway a verdict
The exclusion of certain jurors based on bias
#10
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a speedy trial?
First Amendment
Fourth Amendment
Sixth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
#11
What is the 'exclusionary rule'?
A rule that allows certain evidence to be excluded from trial if it was obtained unlawfully
A rule that allows all evidence to be presented in trial regardless of how it was obtained
A rule that excludes jurors from certain demographics
A rule that excludes certain types of crimes from trial
#12
Which famous legal case led to the establishment of the 'Miranda rights' in the United States?
Roe v. Wade
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Education
Gideon v. Wainwright
#13
What does 'double jeopardy' refer to?
Being tried for the same crime twice after acquittal
Being tried for two separate crimes simultaneously
Being tried for a crime without sufficient evidence
Being tried by two different courts for the same crime
#14
What is 'civil forfeiture'?
A legal process in which assets are seized from individuals suspected of criminal activity without necessarily charging them with a crime
A legal process in which assets are divided among heirs after a person's death
A legal process in which civil rights are forfeited due to criminal activity
A legal process in which a person forfeits their citizenship due to criminal convictions
#15
What is 'mandatory minimum sentencing'?
A sentencing guideline that judges must strictly adhere to
A type of sentencing where the minimum sentence is required by law for certain offenses
A sentencing rule applicable only to juvenile offenders
A sentencing principle that prohibits consideration of mitigating factors
#16
What is 'qualified immunity'?
Immunity granted to individuals who report crimes
Immunity granted to government officials from civil liability for actions performed within their official capacity, unless their conduct violates clearly established statutory or constitutional rights
Immunity granted to witnesses who testify in court
Immunity granted to defendants who plead guilty
#17
Which Supreme Court case established the 'reasonable suspicion' standard for police stops?