#1
Which of the following is a common legal challenge in the criminal justice system?
Racial profiling
ExplanationDiscriminatory law enforcement based on race or ethnicity.
#2
What does the term 'wrongful conviction' refer to?
Conviction for a crime that wasn't committed
ExplanationLegal judgment of guilt for a crime not perpetrated by the accused.
#3
What is 'pro bono' legal work?
Legal work done for free or at reduced cost for those in need
ExplanationLegal assistance provided without charge or at a reduced fee to individuals with limited financial means.
#4
What is the 'War on Drugs'?
A series of policies and initiatives aimed at reducing illegal drug use and distribution
ExplanationGovernment campaign targeting illicit drug production, distribution, and consumption.
#5
What is 'recidivism'?
The tendency of convicted individuals to reoffend
ExplanationRate at which former inmates engage in subsequent criminal behavior.
#6
Which U.S. constitutional amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationSafeguard against unjustified government intrusion into personal privacy.
#7
What is 'prosecutorial misconduct'?
Unethical behavior by prosecutors
ExplanationIllegal or unethical actions by those responsible for pursuing criminal charges.
#8
What is the 'presumption of innocence'?
The assumption that all individuals are innocent until proven guilty
ExplanationDoctrine requiring proof of guilt rather than innocence to convict.
#9
What is 'jury nullification'?
The ability of a jury to refuse to convict a defendant despite evidence of guilt
ExplanationLegal concept enabling juries to acquit defendants even when evidence supports guilt.
#10
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a speedy trial?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationConstitutional protection ensuring prompt adjudication of criminal charges.
#11
What is the 'exclusionary rule'?
A rule that allows certain evidence to be excluded from trial if it was obtained unlawfully
ExplanationLegal principle barring admission of illegally obtained evidence in court proceedings.
#12
Which famous legal case led to the establishment of the 'Miranda rights' in the United States?
Miranda v. Arizona
ExplanationSupreme Court case affirming the right to remain silent and have legal counsel during police interrogations.
#13
What does 'double jeopardy' refer to?
Being tried for the same crime twice after acquittal
ExplanationProhibition against multiple prosecutions for the same offense.
#14
What is 'civil forfeiture'?
A legal process in which assets are seized from individuals suspected of criminal activity without necessarily charging them with a crime
ExplanationGovernment seizure of assets associated with alleged criminal activity, often without filing charges against the owner.
#15
What is 'mandatory minimum sentencing'?
A type of sentencing where the minimum sentence is required by law for certain offenses
ExplanationLegislated requirement for a predetermined minimum prison sentence for particular criminal offenses.
#16
What is 'qualified immunity'?
Immunity granted to government officials from civil liability for actions performed within their official capacity, unless their conduct violates clearly established statutory or constitutional rights
ExplanationLegal doctrine shielding government officials from personal liability unless they violate clearly established rights.
#17
Which Supreme Court case established the 'reasonable suspicion' standard for police stops?
Terry v. Ohio
ExplanationLandmark case establishing legal grounds for police stops based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.