#1
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial?
First Amendment
Second Amendment
Fifth Amendment
Sixth Amendment
#2
What is the primary purpose of the Miranda rights?
To protect the rights of the accused during police interrogations
To ensure the right to bear arms
To provide free legal counsel to the accused
To prevent illegal searches and seizures
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of the criminal justice system?
Law enforcement
Judicial branch
Education system
Corrections system
#4
What is the primary role of a defense attorney in the criminal justice system?
To represent the state in criminal cases
To investigate crimes and gather evidence
To provide legal representation to the accused
To serve as a mediator between parties
#5
In the United States, what is the purpose of the 'Fourth Amendment'?
Freedom of speech
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
Right to bear arms
Right to a fair and speedy trial
#6
Who is often considered the 'father' of modern criminology?
Jeremy Bentham
Emile Durkheim
Cesare Beccaria
Eugenics Lombroso
#7
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine in criminal law?
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
Evidence obtained legally can be used in court
The exclusionary rule does not apply to illegally obtained evidence
The right to remain silent during interrogation
#8
What is the term for a legal proceeding in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence?
Arraignment
Preliminary hearing
Plea bargain
Sentencing
#9
What does the term 'recidivism' refer to in the context of the criminal justice system?
The process of convicting a defendant
The rate at which convicted individuals re-offend
The sentencing phase of a trial
The right to a speedy trial
#10
What is the term for a legal principle that prevents the government from prosecuting individuals for the same crime twice?
Double jeopardy
Legal immunity
Habeas corpus
Probable cause
#11
What is the purpose of a grand jury in the criminal justice system?
To determine guilt or innocence in a trial
To conduct investigations and decide whether to indict someone for a crime
To provide legal representation to the accused
To oversee probation and parole
#12
What is the 'beyond a reasonable doubt' standard in criminal trials?
The burden of proof required for a guilty verdict
The standard for civil trials
The lowest burden of proof in criminal trials
A standard used only in appellate courts
#13
In the United States, what is the purpose of the 'three strikes' laws?
To provide legal representation to defendants
To ensure fair and impartial jury selection
To impose harsher penalties on repeat offenders
To limit the use of eyewitness testimony
#14
What is the 'Mens Rea' in criminal law?
The act of committing a crime
The motive behind a crime
The criminal intent or guilty mind
The legal defense used in court
#15
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule'?
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Mapp v. Ohio
Terry v. Ohio